Calf demand provision by mammary gland secretion during the first decade of post-natal development
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01.10.2019 |
Shapovalov S.
Mikhaylov S.
Andrey S.
Chereshneva Y.
Tsomartova D.
Ivanova M.
Tsomartova E.
Shapovalova D.
Pavlova M.
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Heliyon |
10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02676 |
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© 2019 The Author(s) The article highlights the experimental results on calf demand provision by mammary gland secretion during the first days of post-natal development. Changes in mammary gland secretion content during the transition process from colostrum to natural milk were showed. Lactoferrin level changes were demonstrated. Population-based composition of colostrum somatic cells was determined. A hypothesis concerning apoptosis role of the somatic cells and neutrophils’ burst was presented. The present study highlights calf provision with mammary gland secretion during the first 10 days of the postnatal development. Analytical chemistry; Food science; Animal science; Animal nutrition; Ruminant; Colostrum; Immunoglobulins; Lactoferrin; Somatic cells; Minor nutrient elements
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Hygienic assessment of indoles in the diet of medical students
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01.01.2018 |
Denisova E.
Korolev A.
Nikitenko E.
Kirpichenkova E.
Fetisov R.
Kozlov V.
Onishchenko G.
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Voprosy Pitaniia |
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© 2018 Nutritec. All Rights Reserved. A number of studies have shown the relationship between the regular consumption of cruciferous vegetables and the risk of malignant tumors in certain localizations, the activation of mechanisms of alimentary adaptation of the organism under conditions of alien loads, by inducing enzymes of the biotransformation system of xenobiotics. The cruciferous vegetables are distinguished by the presence of minor components, such as indole-3-carbinol, formed during the hydrolysis of glucosinolates. The aim of the investigation was a retrospective study of the content of indoles in students' diet with subsequent quantitative analysis in different comparison groups. The study involved 250 students from a medical university aged 21 to 27 years. To assess the actual nutrition, the developed questionnaires were used, which included the most common products in the Moscow region, sources of indole glucosinolates. It was found that 44% of the respondents didn't include cruciferous vegetables in the diet, and of those who consumed sources of indoles (56% of respondents), only about half received them in the recommended amount. It should also be noted that as in men, in women the most commonly used in the diet product as a source of indoles was cabbage, it was included in the diet of 68% of the respondents who used cruciferous vegetables, rarely pekin cabbage was used (16.3%) and broccoli (16.3%). Cauliflower, radishes, Kale and horseradish was included in the diet of 7.8-14.9% of the students. Less often turnip was consumed - only by 2.1% of the students. No significant differences in the consumption of indoles in the student with deficient, normal or overweight was revealed. Also, there was no correlation between excess weight and the consumption of various indoles sources. The obtained results testify to the extremely low level of alimentary intake of indole-3-carbinol.
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Effect of different nutritional support on pancreatic secretion in acute pancreatitis
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01.01.2018 |
Achkasov E.
Pugaev A.
Nabiyeva Z.
Kalachev S.
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Khirurgiia |
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AIM: To develop and justify optimal nutritional support in early phase of acute pancreatitis (AP).MATERIAL AND METHODS: 140 AP patients were enrolled. They were divided into groups depending on nutritional support: group I (n=70) - early enteral tube feeding (ETF) with balanced mixtures, group II (n=30) - early ETF with oligopeptide mixture, group III (n=40) - total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The subgroups were also isolated depending on medication: A - Octreotide, B - Quamatel, C - Octreotide + Quamatel. Pancreatic secretion was evaluated by using of course of disease, instrumental methods, APUD-system hormone levels (secretin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, vasointestinal peptide).RESULTS: ETF was followed by pancreas enlargement despite ongoing therapy, while TPN led to gradual reduction of pancreatic size up to normal values. α-amylase level progressively decreased in all groups, however in patients who underwent ETF (I and II) mean values of the enzyme were significantly higher compared with TPN (group III). Secretin, cholecystokinin and vasointestinal peptide were increasing in most cases, while the level of somatostatin was below normal in all groups.CONCLUSION: Enteral tube feeding (balanced and oligopeptide mixtures) contributes to pancreatic secretion compared with TPN, but this negative impact is eliminated by antisecretory therapy. Dual medication (Octreotide + Quamatel) is more preferable than monotherapy (Octreotide or Quamatel).
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Medical-biological aspects of recovery in professional and amateur sports
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01.01.2018 |
Achkasov E.
Mashkovskiy E.
Bezuglov E.
Predatko K.
Nikolaeva A.
Magomedova A.
Khomich R.
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Medical News of North Caucasus |
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© 2018 Stavropol State Medical University. All rights reserved. The review considers the basic principles of recovery after exercise in professional and amateur sports. Restoration of the body is the return of physical parameters to the initial values, increasing the adaptive capacity after performing physical work. Proper recovery after exercise helps avoid problems such as physical fatigue, lack of nutrient intake, injuries of various severity, dehydration, etc. A number of factors influence the human body during recovery: a balanced diet, adequate rest and sleep, psychological and emotional unloading, gymnastics, massage, contrast shower and others. Comprehensive rehabilitation programs in sports should include methods with proven effectiveness, take into account the individual characteristics of the athlete and the dominant form of physical activity, and consider the recovery period as an integral part of the entire training plan.
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Peculiarities of development of deep-preterm infants by 12 months of adjusted age, depending on the rate of escalating enteral nutrition in the early neonatal period
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01.01.2018 |
Degtyareva A.
Talvirskaya V.
Amirkhanova D.
Narogan M.
Ionov O.
Kukhartseva M.
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Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya (Russian Federation) |
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© Bionika Media Ltd. Background. Results of numerous studies have shown the advantages of fast increase in the volume of enteral nutrition (>25 ml/kg/day) in very premature infants in the early neonatal period with regard to the slow one (<25 ml/kg/day). Such tactics has demonstrated potential for decrease in postnatal growth retardation in the majority of infants with very low birth weight. Long-term outcomes of physical and psychomotor development are studied poorly. Objective. To assess the influence of enteral nutrition (EN) pace in the early neonatal period on physical and psychomotor development of extremely premature infants during first 12 corrected months. Materials and methods. The study dealt with extremely premature infants that were born at the age of up to 31 weeks of gestation and had body of up to 1,500 grams. The rate of EN increase was more than 25 ml/kg/day in group 1, in group two – less than 25 ml/kg/day. Physical development was assessed in different age periods according to centile curves, also routine neurological examination with assessment of psychomotor development (PMD) according to Griffiths R. mental development scale (1954) was carried out. Results. EN of more than 25 ml/kg/day in the early neonatal period contributes to higher indications of body mass, body length and head circumference, as well as fast pace of body mass gain from the moment of birth and after discharge, during first 12 corrected months of life. All this positively correlates with the results of PMD assessment. According to the results of the study, the number of studied infants that caught up with passport age in development already by 12}0.5 months of corrected age (CA) was definitely higher in the group, where scheme of EN with fast rate of increase was used in the early neonatal period. Conclusion. Scheme of EN with fast rate of increase in volume (>25 ml/kg/day) in the early neonatal period in very premature children that were born with body mass of up to 1,500 grams contributes to higher indicators of body mass, body length and head circumference, as well as fast pace of body mass gain from the moment of birth and after discharge, during first 12 corrected months of life. By 12 months of CA the percentage of infants, whose PMD corresponded to passport age, was definitely higher than in the group with fast increase in EN in the early neonatal period than in the group with slow increase (р=0.005). Thus the influence of increase rate of EN on PMD during first 12 months of CA is determined.
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Features of nutrition of elderly patients with removable dental orthopedic constructions
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01.01.2018 |
Mellkyan I.
Akhmedov G.
Gurevich K.
Khanferyan R.
Burgasova O.
Nikityuk D.
Zaborova V.
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Voprosy Pitaniia |
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© 2018 Nutritec. All rights reserved. Research objective: studying of features of nutrition in elderly patients with removable stomatologic orthopedic constructions. 1388 patients aged from 60 up to 75 years which addressed in a city dental out-patient department were examined. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 -The persons having only fixed stomatologic orthopedic constructions (n=419); group 2 -The persons having at least one partially removable stomatologic orthopedic construction and not havingfull-removable orthopedic constructions (n=512); group 3 -The persons having at least one full-removable stomatologic orthopedic construction (n=457). Patients were interviewed about nutrition features (frequency of consumption). Anthropometric researches were conducted. There were 2.2 and 1.3 fold more persons in group 3 with a concomitant increase in waist circumference and waist-hip ratio compared to groups 1 and 2 (p=0.0013). Persons from group 3 consumed meat significantly less often than patients in groups 1 and 2. A similar trend was observed for meat products, vegetables and fruits (p<0.05). Compared to patients in groups 1 and 2, patients from group 3 more often consumed cereals, potatoes, rice, pasta, as well as sauces, mayonnaises, margarines. AU examined elderly patients rarely consumed fish and seafood (76.0-89.9% persons consumed once a month and less often).
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Morbid obesity treatment in adults
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01.01.2018 |
Dedov I.
Melnichenko G.
Shestakova M.
Troshina E.
Mazurina N.
Shestakova E.
Yashkov Y.
Neimark A.
Birykova E.
Bondarenko I.
Bordan N.
Dzgoeva F.
Ershova E.
Komshilova K.
Mkrtumyan A.
Petunina N.
Romantsova T.
Starostina E.
Strongin L.
Suplotova L.
Fadeev V.
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Obesity and Metabolism |
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© 2018 Russian Association of Endocrinologists. All rights reserved. The presented paper is a third revision of the clinical recommendations for the treatment of morbid obesity in adults. Morbid obesity is a condition with body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg / m2 or a BMI ≥35 kg / m2 in the presence of serious complications associated with obesity. The recommendations provide data on the prevalence of obesity, its etiology and pathogenesis, as well as on associated complications. The necessary methods for laboratory and instrumental diagnosis of obesity are described in detail. In this revision of the recommendations, the staging of prescribing conservative and surgical methods for the treatment of obesity are determined. For the first time, a group of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus is selected, in whom metabolic surgery allows a long-term improvement in the control of glycemia or remission of diabetes mellitus.
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