Репозиторий Университета

© 2020, International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation. Summary: Basketball athletes possess a higher bone mineral density (BMD) than matched non-athletes and swimming, soccer, and volleyball athletes. Differences appear to be exacerbated with continued training and competition beyond adolescence. The greater BMD in basketball athletes compared to non-athletes, swimming, and soccer athletes is more pronounced in males than females. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine differences in total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) between basketball athletes, non-athletes, and athletes competing in swimming, soccer, and volleyball, considering age and sex. Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched. Included studies consisted of basketball players and at least one group of non-athletes, swimming, soccer, or volleyball athletes. BMD data were meta-analyzed. Cohen’s d effect sizes [95% confidence intervals (CI)] were interpreted as: trivial ≤ 0.20, small = 0.20–0.59, moderate = 0.60–1.19, large = 1.20–1.99, and very large ≥ 2.00. Results: Basketball athletes exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher BMD compared to non-athletes (small-moderate effect in total-body: d = 1.06, CI 0.55, 1.56; spine: d = 0.67, CI 0.40, 0.93; lumbar spine: d = 0.96, CI 0.57, 1.35; upper limbs: d = 0.70, CI 0.29, 1.10; lower limbs: d = 1.14, CI 0.60, 1.68; pelvis: d = 1.16, CI 0.05, 2.26; trunk: d = 1.00, CI 0.65, 1.35; and femoral neck: d = 0.57, CI 0.16, 0.99), swimming athletes (moderate-very large effect in total-body: d = 1.33, CI 0.59, 2.08; spine: d = 1.04, CI 0.60, 1.48; upper limbs: d = 1.19, CI 0.16, 2.22; lower limbs: d = 2.76, CI 1.45, 4.06; pelvis d = 1.72, CI 0.63, 2.81; and trunk: d = 1.61, CI 1.19, 2.04), soccer athletes (small effect in total-body: d = 0.58, CI 0.18, 0.97), and volleyball athletes (small effect in total-body: d = 0.32, CI 0.00, 0.65; and pelvis: d = 0.48, CI 0.07, 0.88). Differences in total and regional BMD between groups increased with age and appeared greater in males than in females. Conclusion: Basketball athletes exhibit a greater BMD compared to non-athletes, as well as athletes involved in swimming, soccer, and volleyball.

BACKGROUND: total hip replacement has long ago become the «golden standard» for the treatment of dysplastic coxarthrosis in thousands of the patients receiving it every year. In the meantime, the analysis of the specialized literature gives evidence of the lack of a systematic and personified approach to the rehabilitation treatment. AIM: The objective of the present study was to improve medical rehabilitation of the patients following the total hip replacement and to develop the personalized programs for walking modality reconstruction taking into consideration the age and the body weight of the patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 240 patients were available for the observation including 184 women and 56 men. They were divided into three study groups and one control group, with the differentiation into the following three subgroups: one comprised of the patients of moderate acerage age and body weight, the other containing the obese patients (BMI>35), and the third one involving the elderly patients (age >70 years); each subgroup consisted of 20 patients. All the patients received the early basic rehabilitation treatment, those in the study groups had to perform in addition the robotic training based on the use of hardware techniques supplemented by passive mechanotherapy and electromyostimulation designed to restore the walking stereotype with three types of devices: body weight unloading, video-reconstruction associated with biological feedback and robototherapy. RESULTS: The comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various methods of gait reconstruction has demonstrated the high effectiveness of the application of the hardware technique in the patients of moderate acerage age and body weight. At the same time, the elderly patients had a significantly higher rate of successful walking reconstruction efficiency under the influence of the video-associated training with biological feedback (3 times that achieved with training using the device for unloading the body weight and 4 times compared with the result of a course of robotic walk. The evaluation of the application of the techniques for the gait stereotype reconstruction in the obese patients gave evidence of the advantage of the Lokomat robotic trainings that produced 6 times better results than unloading of the body weight and 5 times better ones than the video-associated training with biological feedback. DISCUSSION: The results of the present study are on the whole comparable with the data reported by other authors although its design was different from that of the majority of the published studies in that our patients were allocated to different subgroups for the further personalization of the methods applied to restore the gait stereotype. The factors limiting the use of the results of this study include the medium-high level of the patients' welfare most of whom are residents of the city of Moscow and Moscow region characterized by a relatively high quality and accessibility of health care. It means that the results of such studies as the one described in the present article are directly related to the quality and accessibility of health care and can be extrapolated only to the socially safe and well-to-do patients. CONCLUSIONS: All the hardware techniques are equally effective in the patients of moderate average age and body weight. The elderly patients showed the best results using the video-reconstruction associated with biological feedback, while the Locomat technique was especially useful for the obese patients.

BACKGROUND: The relevance of this ensues from the fact that despite the numerous currently available health promotion training programs for the reduction of body weight, there is still the need for the development of the new forms of the efficacious physical training programs and the methods of motivation for compliance with them among the people of different age, sex and social status. AIM: The objective of the present study was to determine the role of motivational factors, including the assessment of the biological age, in the improvement of the effectiveness of the health promotion training programs for the reduction of the excess body weight. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 82 students with overweight and first-degree obesity at the age from 17 to 21 years (average age 18.5±1.4 years) were examined. 42 girls included in the first (main) group spent 9 months performing health promotion training programs on an individual basis developed taking into consideration the motivational factors. The physical training programs included the aerobic exercise in the form of dance classes. 40 students in the control group were engaged in physical training envisaged by the academic curriculum of the university. The third group (the group of comparison) was comprised of 36 practically healthy girls having the normal body weight. We studied the components of the body composition with the use of bioimpedanceometry, evaluated the physical working capacity (the PWC-170 test) and the adaptive reserves of the body (heart rate variability test as proposed by R.M. Baevskyi, Garkavi test). In addition, the psycho-emotional status of the participants was estimated making use of the Lusher test and SAN. The biological age was determined by the original method based on the combination of the morphological and functional indices. RESULTS: The excess body weight in the students comprising group 1 was reduced by 10% on the average; simultaneously the physical working capacity among these students increased by an average of 24.5% while the level of emotional stability and self-esteem increased by 20% and 24%, respectively. We also documented a decrease in the initially increased biological age by 5 years on the average. The students included in group II did not experience any significant changes in the parameters of interest. CONCLUSION: The consideration of the motivational factors for the development of the training programs designed to promote the reduction of the excessive body weight significantly increases their effectiveness, as evidenced by the improvement of the morpho-functional and psychological characteristics in the students of the first group and its absence in their counterparts included in group II.

© 2018, Silicea-Poligraf. All rights reserved. Aim. Study of efficacy and safety of taurin in management of stable angina patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis. Material and methods. Totally, 95 postinfarction cardiosclerosis patients included, with stable angina of II and III functional class. The patients that were included, had refused revascularization. To the main group, 48 were included with added taurin (Dibicor, “PIK-Pharma”, Russia, 750 mg daily), and to comparison group — 47 patients that were taking standard treatment and placebo. Treatment duration 3 months. Results. Clinical efficacy of taurin in postinfarction cardiosclerosis and stable angina is confirmed by significant improvement of the following parameters: subjective state (decreased fatigue, less complaints on palpitation, less severity of dyspnea and rarer angina attacks), of the life quality parameters by Seattle questionnaire; echocardiographic parameters, normalized cardiac rhythm. Postive changes achieved on the basis therapy with taurin, remained for 3 months after drug discontinuation. Conclusion. Positive influence of taurin on clinical and instrumental parameters of patients make it to recommend its prescription for stable angina treatment in postinfarction cardiosclerosis patients.

© The European Society of Cardiology 2017. Aims: To evaluate safety and efficacy of moderate intensity interval exercise training early after heart failure decompensation on exercise tolerance and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods and results: This is a prospective randomized controlled study. We screened 234 consecutive patients admitted with decompensated heart failure; 46 patients (42 men/4 women; 61±12 years of age) were randomized to a moderate intensity aerobic interval training (n = 24) or to a control group (n = 22). Patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire (MLHFQ) at baseline, after three weeks and after three months. After three weeks, peak-VO2 increased by 17% in the training group (p = 0.003) with further increase by 10% after three months (p < 0.001) but did not change significantly in controls. MLHFQ score improved after three weeks, with better results in the training group (from 64.6±15.6 to 30.8±12.9, p < 0.001). After three months, MLHFQ further improved in the exercise training group, but not in controls. Left ventricular ejection fraction was not significantly different between the two groups at baseline and after three months. No serious adverse events related to exercise testing or training wssere observed. Conclusions: Interval exercise training early after an episode of heart failure decompensation is safe and effective in improving exercise tolerance and health-related quality of life in selected patients after achievement of clinical stability. Positive effects remained sustained after three months. Further studies are needed to define role and indications for interval exercise training early after heart failure decompensation.

© 2018 Stavropol State Medical University. All rights reserved. The review considers the basic principles of recovery after exercise in professional and amateur sports. Restoration of the body is the return of physical parameters to the initial values, increasing the adaptive capacity after performing physical work. Proper recovery after exercise helps avoid problems such as physical fatigue, lack of nutrient intake, injuries of various severity, dehydration, etc. A number of factors influence the human body during recovery: a balanced diet, adequate rest and sleep, psychological and emotional unloading, gymnastics, massage, contrast shower and others. Comprehensive rehabilitation programs in sports should include methods with proven effectiveness, take into account the individual characteristics of the athlete and the dominant form of physical activity, and consider the recovery period as an integral part of the entire training plan.

© 2018, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved. Study design: randomized controlled before-and-after and in follow-up trial. Forty-six CAD patients volunteered to take part in the study: a group of 27 patients undertook an Intermittent Hypoxia (O2 at 10%) - Hyperoxia (O2 at 30%) Training (IHHT), while a control group (CTRL) of 19 patients was allocated to sham IHHT treatment (breathing via face mask by room air, O2 at 21%). Exercise performance, blood and metabolic profile, quality of life (MOS SF-36, Seattle Angina Questionnaire, SAQ) were measured before and after IHHT/sham IHHT in both groups; the intervention group was also assessed one month after completing the IHHT. The IHHT intervention group showed improved exercise capacity (+1,8 ml O2/min/kg, p=0,02), reduced resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures (151/85 before vs 130/73 after p<0,01), enhanced Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction (62,6±5,5% vs 58±6,2%, p<0,01), glycemia was significantly reduced only at 1-month follow-up (6,18±1,7 after vs 7,10±2,34 mmol/l at baseline, p=0,037). Frequency of angina as reason to stop exercising was significantly reduced after treatment and at 1-month follow-up. In CAD patients an Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Training program is associated with improved exercise tolerance, risks factors profile and quality of life (SF-36, SAQ). IHHT has proved to be safe, well tolerable and easily applicable in cardiac patients.

© 2018, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. The article presents non-pharmaceutical methods of rehabilitation of children with acute respiratory infections (ARI) used at a hospital, polyclinic (rehabilitation centre), medical resort. Specificities of administering medical exercise therapy, massage, inhalation therapy, balneo-halotherapy and other methods at different stages of rehabilitation are discussed. The authors analyse the results of research works that are demonstrative of the necessity of including in rehabilitation programmes for children with ARI of the drug levocarnitine that enhances their effectiveness. Administration of levocarnitine in doses of 50 to 100 mg/kg/day 2 times daily, as 1–1.5-month courses, prevents the development of repeat episodes of acute respiratory viral infections in children and reduces their duration, restoring the activity of immune cells. Also, recommendations are given to physicians about the use of Elcar® in children who fall ill frequently and for prevention of respiratory infections. physicians about the use of Elcar in children who fall ill frequently and for prevention of respiratory infections.