Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Breastfeeding rates are low in the UK, where approximately one quarter of infants receive a breastmilk substitute (BMS) in the first week of life. We investigated the reasons for early BMS use in two large maternity units in the UK, in order to understand the reasons for the high rate of early BMS use in this setting. Data were collected through infant feeding records, as well as maternal and midwife surveys in 2016. During 2016, 28% of infants received a BMS supplement prior to discharge from the hospital maternity units with only 10% supplementation being clinically indicated. There was wide variation in BMS initiation rates between different midwives, which was associated with ward environment and midwife educational level. Specific management factors associated with non-clinically indicated initiation of BMS were the absence of skin-to-skin contact within an hour of delivery (p = 0.01), and no attendance at an antenatal breastfeeding discussion (p = 0.01). These findings suggest that risk of initiating a BMS during postnatal hospital stay is largely modifiable. Concordance with UNICEF Baby Friendly 10 steps, attention to specific features of the postnatal ward working environment, and the targeting of midwives and mothers with poor educational status may all lead to improved exclusive breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge.

© Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved. The professional standard is the basis of education and training. It should meet modern requirements to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the country's population, the labor market. The current professional standard does not fully take into account the various types of economic activity in which young professionals of the medical and preventive profile will work. The main task of a specialist in the medical and prophylactic profile is to carry out activities aimed ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population (informing the control subject concerning mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements, implementation, assessing the effectiveness and effectiveness of their implementation, implementing production control, expert control, sanitary-epidemiological audit). The main employers for these young professionals are organizations of the sanitary and epidemiological services; hospitals, sanatorium, spa and resort organizations; organization of disinfection and deratization, organizations of industrial equipment, testing and analysis of the composition and purity of materials and substances; testing and analysis in the field of food hygiene; testing and analysis of physical and mechanical properties of materials and substances; examination of design documentation and engineering survey results; monitoring of environmental pollution. The professional standard of the young professionals in the hygiene profile has a particular set of qualities, skills, and behaviors that ensure the success of the career. There is a set of standards for education and training of professionals in the hygiene profile. There are sanitary and epidemiological diagnostic - activities to establish compliance (inconsistency) with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of public health. Also, there is the support of the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population, technical regulation, labor protection, various activities concerning and preventive measures; organization of monitoring and sanitary-epidemiological assessment of the risk of environmental factors affecting health. The education and training of students of medical-prophylactic faculties should be carried out taking into account modern approaches to the professional standard for the specialist of the hygienic profile and the educational standard developed on the basis of it.

© 2018 Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. The objective. To study the level of knowledge of paediatricians on problems of antimicrobial therapy of respiratory tract infection with determination and analysis of the most common mistakes. Materials and methods. In 2016-2017, knowledge of antimicrobial therapy of respiratory tract infections in children was tested among 238 paediatricians in five cities (Yekaterinburg, Kirov, Novosibirsk, Surgut, Ufa). Testing included twenty stem questions composed according to modern clinical guidelines. Five answer choices were offered to each question, of which one or several were correct. Assessment of the results took into account both chosen and unchosen answers (maximally possible score was 100). The result of 91-100 scores was assessed as «excellent », 81-90 - «good», 71-80 - «satisfactory», 70 and less - «unsatisfactory». Results. The average score was 70.5. In different cities the average score was as follows: in Yekaterinburg - 71.7, in Kirov - 73.8, in Novosibirsk - 74, in Surgut - 69.3, in Ufa - 63.5. Only one physician's answers were assessed as «excellent» (0.42%), answers of 40 physicians were «good» (16.81%), 88 answers - «satisfactory» (36.97%) and 109 answers - «unsatisfactory» (45.8%). Conclusion. The study has shown insufficient knowledge of paediatrician on problems of antimicrobial therapy of respiratory tract infections. These data may be used in preparing educational programmes for physicians.

© Authors. The present study was conducted in Iran and aimed to analyze the relationships among technology acquisition & exploitation, organizational innovation, and organizational performance. We selected 80 knowledge-intensive organizations as statistical population of the study. Executive managers, senior managers, operational managers, and R & D managers of the companies were considered as appropriate respondents for this study. After the distribution of 320 questionnaires among the respondents, 280 usable questionnaires were gathered. The analysis was done utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methodology by LISREL software. The factors analysis and the findings show that technology acquisition & exploitation has a significant positive influence on both organizational innovation and organizational performance. Further, organizational innovation has a significant positive impact on organizational performance.