Репозиторий Университета

© Authors. The present study was conducted in Semnan Science and Technology Park and aimed to analyze the relationship among intellectual property rights, open innovation, and organizational performance of 30 New Technology Based Firms (NTBFs). Senior managers, middle managers, and business owners were considered as appropriate respondents for study. A total of 140 questionnaires were distributed among the respondents, and 126 filled questionnaires were returned. The research method used in this study is descriptive-correlation and the analysis was carried out utilizing Structural Equation Modeling. The factors analysis and the findings show that intellectual property rights have a significant positive relationship with open innovation. Further, open innovation has a significant positive relationship with organizational performance. Moreover, no significant relationship between intellectual property rights and organizational performance was established. But, intellectual property rights affect organizational performance positively, through open innovation acting as a mediator.

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016. A comparative study performed in mice investigating the action of DF302, a novel fluoride-containing gamma-carboline derivative, in comparison to the structurally similar neuroprotective drug dimebon. Drug effects on learning and memory, emotionality, hippocampal neurogenesis and mitochondrial functions, as well as AMPA-mediated currents and the 5-HT6 receptor are reported. In the step-down avoidance and fear-conditioning paradigms, bolus administration of drugs at doses of 10 or 40 mg/kg showed that only the higher dose of DF302 improved long-term memory while dimebon was ineffective at either dosage. Short-term memory and fear extinction remained unaltered across treatment groups. During the 5-day predation stress paradigm, oral drug treatment over a period of 2 weeks at the higher dosage regimen decreased anxiety-like behaviour. Both compounds supressed inter-male aggression in CD1 mice, the most eminent being the effects of DF302 in its highest dose. DF302 at the higher dose decreased floating behaviour in a 2-day swim test and after 21-day ultrasound stress. The density of Ki67-positive cells, a marker of adult neurogenesis, was reduced in the dentate gyrus of stressed dimebon-treated and non-treated mice, but not in DF302-treated mice. Non-stressed mice that received DF302 had a higher density of Ki67-positive cells than controls unlike dimebon-treated mice. Similar to dimebon, DF302 effectively potentiated AMPA receptor-mediated currents, bound to the 5-HT6 receptor, inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition and displayed cytoprotective properties in cellular models of neurodegeneration. Thus, DF302 exerts multi-target effects on the key mechanisms of neurodegenerative pathologies and can be considered as an optimized novel analogue of the neuroprotective agent dimebon.

© 2018 by the authors; licensee Modestum Ltd., UK. Objective: Specific features of the mental state of women during pregnancy have been attracting the attention of specialists for many years. The article is aimed at describing an empirical study of the identification of specific features of emotional states and self-esteem of working women during pregnancy. Method: The leading method to investigate this problem is diagnostic and static methods, which allow one to reveal the presence of significant differences in the emotional states of pregnant women, the psychological component of the gestational dominant and self-esteem. Results: According to the results of the empirical study, it was found that in employed women, in comparison with unemployed pregnant women, the optimal and hypogestognosic type of attitude to pregnancy is more pronounced, an average level of self-esteem is observed with a tendency to high. In non-working women, it was found that, in comparison with working pregnant women, an alarming type of attitude towards pregnancy was revealed, an obsession with oneself and one’s own negative experiences; uncertainty and negative emotional background were revealed in relation to the role of the mother, low self-esteem was identified. Conclusion: In employed women, in comparison with unemployed pregnant women: 1) the optimal and hypogestognosic type of attitude towards pregnancy is more pronounced-that is, employed women have an emotionally positive sentiment, they are joyful, active and goal-oriented; 2) they like the way of life that they lead, which forms their positive mood; 3) there is a lack of support for their lifestyle from relatives and people around, which leads to the dominance of low spirits; 4) there is an average level of self-esteem with a tendency to high. It was found that in non-working women, in comparison with working pregnant women: 1) an alarming type of attitude towards pregnancy was found, an obsession with oneself and one’s own negative experiences; 2) uncertainty and negative emotional sentiment in relation to the role of the mother have been found; 3) low self-esteem has been revealed. The results of the study can be used in practical work of maternity homes, counseling, as well as in assessing the emotional state of pregnant women.

© 2018 Park-media, Ltd.  Common marmosets are small New World primates that have been increasingly used in biomedical research. This report presents efficient protocols for assessment of the parameters of adaptive cell-mediated immunity in common marmosets, including the major subpopulations of lymphocytes and main markers of T- and B-cell maturation and activation using flow cytometry with a multicolor panel of fluorescently labelled antibodies. Blood samples from eight common marmosets were stained with fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies against their population markers (CD45, CD3, CD20, CD4, CD8) and lymphocyte maturation and activation markers (CD69, CD62L, CD45RO, CD107a and CD27) and analyzed by flow cytometry. Within the CD45 + population, 22.7±5.5% cells were CD3 - CD20 + and 67.6±6.3% were CD3 + CD20 - . The CD3 + subpopulation included 55.7±5.5% CD3 + CD4 + CD8 - and 34.3±3.7% CD3 + CD4 - CD8 + cells. Activation and maturation markers were expressed in the following lymphocyte proportions: CD62L on 54.0±10.7% of CD3 + CD4 + cells and 74.4±12.1% of CD3 + CD8 + cells; CD69 on 2.7±1.2% of CD3 + CD4 + cells and 1.2±0.5% of CD3 + CD8 + cells; CD45RO on 1.6±0.6% of CD3 + CD4 + cells and 1.8±0.7% of CD3 + CD8 + cells; CD107a on 0.7±0.5% of CD3 + CD4 + cells and 0.5±0.3% of CD3 + CD8 + cells; CD27 on 94.6±2.1% of CD3 + cells and 8.9±3.9% CD20 + cells. Female and male subjects differed in the percentage of CD3 + CD4 + CD45RO + cells (1.9±0.5 in females vs 1.1±0.2 in males; p < 0.05). The percentage of CD20 + CD27 + cells was found to highly correlate with animals' age (r = 0.923, p < 0.005). The basal parameters of adaptive cell-mediated immunity in naïve healthy marmosets without markers of systemic immune activation were obtained. These parameters and the described procedures are crucial in documenting the changes induced in common marmosets by prophylactic and therapeutic immune interventions.

© 2018 Ima-Press Publishing House. All Rights Reserved. In 2015, the experts from various medical associations of Russia elaborated the clinical guidelines "Rational use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in clinical practice". These guidelines were drawn up to improve the use of NSAIDs, our country's most popular agents to treat pain in acute and chronic diseases. The main purpose of this paper was to reduce the frequency of potentially dangerous class-specific adverse events (AE) that may arise from the use of NSAIDs. To do this, the authors proposed a NSAID choice algorithm based on the assessment of risk factors for AE, the individual characteristics of various representatives of this drug group, and the possibility of prevention of AE. Since then, new data on the efficacy and safety of NSAIDs have been obtained. This has necessitated the revision and addition of a number of provisions in the 2015 guidelines. It seems that the new version of the guidelines, which has been drawn up based on the analysis of a large number of clinical and epidemiological studies, their meta-analysis, by taking into account the clinical experience and opinion of the world's leading experts, presents more fully the main aspects of the use of NSAIDs in real clinical practice. The guidelines are intended for physicians of all specialties.

© 2018 Russian Association of Endocrinologists. All rights reserved. The presented paper is a third revision of the clinical recommendations for the treatment of morbid obesity in adults. Morbid obesity is a condition with body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg / m2 or a BMI ≥35 kg / m2 in the presence of serious complications associated with obesity. The recommendations provide data on the prevalence of obesity, its etiology and pathogenesis, as well as on associated complications. The necessary methods for laboratory and instrumental diagnosis of obesity are described in detail. In this revision of the recommendations, the staging of prescribing conservative and surgical methods for the treatment of obesity are determined. For the first time, a group of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus is selected, in whom metabolic surgery allows a long-term improvement in the control of glycemia or remission of diabetes mellitus.

The goal of this study was to find genes that encode cytoskeletal proteins that are potential candidates for the role of triggers in cell mechanosensitivity in the fruit fly. Centrifugation was used to simulate the hypergravity effects (2g group); the constantly changing orientation of the larvae in the gravity field was performed in order to simulate the effects of microgravity (0g group) for 1.5, 6, 12 and 24 h. mRNA levels of different genes that encode the components of both tubulin and actin cytoskeleton were assessed by qRT-PCR. In the 0g group the mRNA levels of beta-tubulin and Msps were reduced after 1.5 h of the exposure and remained unchanged until 12 h, while they exceeded the control level after 24 h. The mRNA level of chaperonin containing T-complex 1 polypeptide subunits recovered earlier: after 6 and 12 h of the microgravity exposure. At the same time, the hypergravity effect led to more significant changes in the mRNA level of TCP1 complex components compared with those of tubulin and Msps. The mRNA level of beta-actin isoforms under micro- and hypergravity was decreased up to 12 h of the exposure, however, it remained reduced under microgravity conditions, while it recovered (Act87E) and even exceeded (Act57B) the reference level under hypergravity conditions. The mRNA level of supervillin was almost unchanged. Under microgravity conditions the mRNA level of fimbrin was decreased (it recovered by the 24 h time point), while the mRNA level of alpha-actinin was significantly increased by the 12 h time point of the exposure and after 24 h it was reduced to the control level. In contrast, under hypergravity conditions the mRNA level of fimbrin initially increased, and after 24 h it dropped below the control, while the mRNA level of alpha-actinin was significantly reduced, and after 24 h it was higher than the reference level. Similar results were obtained earlier in the experiments in rodents, but similar dynamics were observed for alpha-actinin isoforms 1 and 4, although no changes were observed for fimbrin. Since Drosophila melanogaster has no alpha-actinin isoform 4, it is hypothesized that its role in the cell is played by fimbrin.

The discovery and development of effective antihypoxic drugs is an important issue in modern experimental and clinical pharmacology. Complexes of zinc containing imidazole cycles as ligands are promising candidates for the design of novel drugs, including pharmacotherapeutic tools for patient’s protection under conditions of oxygen deficiency. Herein, we report antihypoxic activity of zinc complexes with N-alkenylimidazoles, and, specifically, a novel drug Acyzol, which can be used as efficient antidote after poisoning by carbon monoxide and other combustion products.

The present study investigates the hepatoprotective effect of a novel zinc-containing drug acyzol in comparison with silymarin, a medicinal extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). The hepatoprotective effect was studied in 40 albino nonlinear male rats in a model of toxic liver injury induced by intragastric administration of carbon tetrachloride. Both drugs were diluted in water and administered intragastrically at doses 10 mg/kg (acyzol) and 100 mg/kg (silymarin) for 10 days twice daily, after development of clinical toxic hepatitis. Biochemical and functional indicators of the liver parenchyma demonstrated that both drugs reduced mortality, normalized the body and relative liver weight, reduced intensity of cytolytic, cholestatic, and mesenchymal inflammatory syndromes, and restored liver function. The study demonstrates that acyzol and silymarin have comparable hepatoprotective effect, thus, providing a rationale for the use of acyzol in complex therapy of toxic hepatitis and hepatosis.

One the current challenges of modern hepatology is to find new approaches to stimulate liver regeneration and to find new methods for liver disease treatment. Cell therapies, which are based on using regional stem cells for disease treatment, are under active development. However, studies, devoted to their transplantation, are currently scarce. In recent years, hepatic stellate cells are considered to be hepatic stem cells. It is known that activated hepatic stellate cells can transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and lead to liver fibrosis. The aim of our work was to study the influence of native and activated hepatic stellate cells in vivo by lead nitrate injection after transplantation into partial hepatectomized rats, which is considered to be a classical model to study liver regeneration. Injection of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), which selectively eliminates hepatocyte proliferation, was used to understand the hepatic stellate cells role in liver regeneration process better. Our results suggest that transplanted native and activated hepatic stellate cells can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells and positively influence liver regeneration without inducing liver fibrosis.

Цель работы - оценка состояния кортикального цитоскелета волокон камбаловидной мышцы крысы в результате 6-часового антиортостатического вывешивания на фоне предшествующего, в течение 3 сут по 100 мкг/сут, введения смеси фосфатидилхолинов (лецитина). Данные о периметре волокон, толщине подмембранного цитоскелета и доле разрывов в нем относительно периметра получали, используя иммуногистохимическую окраску на альфа-актинин-4. Периметр волокон оставался неизменным во всех группах исследования. При этом доля разрывов была выше в группах вывешивания, чем в соответствующих контрольных группах. Толщина окрашенного слоя, соответствующего подмембранному цитоскелету, не менялась в контрольных группах и в группе вывешивания без лецитина, однако в группе вывешивания на фоне лецитина она достоверно увеличивалась по сравнению с соответствующей контрольной группой на 27 % (p < 0,05) соответственно.

Purpose of the work was to assess the cortical cytoskeleton of m. soleus fibers from rats after 6-hr tail-suspension preceded by 3 days of phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) injections at a dose of 100 µг/d. Data about the fiber perimeter, submembrane cytoskeleton thickness and percentage of bonds breaks along the perimeter were obtained using the alpha-actinin-4 anti-body stain. The fiber perimeter remained unchanged in all groups under study. However, the percentage of breaks was high in suspension groups but not in respective groups of control. Thickness of the stained layer commensurate to the submembrane cytoskeleton did not change in the control groups and in the suspension group without lecithin injections but increased reliably in the suspension group that recieved injections by 27 % (p < 0.05) in comparison with its control.

Objectives: Central (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism in women could be a cause of persistent amenorrhea and hypoestrogenemia as observed in postmenopause. This study aimed to compare the clinical, hormonal and biochemical features in women with non-physiological (central hypogonadism) and physiological (postmenopause) hypoestrogenemia.

Methods: A total of 161 young women, median age 24.9 years (interquartile range (IQR) 21.2; 30.5) with central hypogonadism (with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, n = 76, and with hypopituitarism, n = 85), 53 healthy young women, median age 23.9 years (IQR 23.1; 28.0) and 50 healthy postmenopausal women, median age 56.0 years (IQR 53.1; 58.5), were examined. Psychoemotional, neurovegetative and urogenital symptoms, sex steroid levels, parameters of lipid and mineral metabolism were evaluated.

Results: In young women with central hypogonadism, the frequencies of psychoemotional, neurovegetative and urogenital complaints differed significantly from those in healthy young women and were similar to those in postmenopausal women. Concentrations of estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, parameters of lipid and mineral metabolism as well as quality of life in women with central hypogonadism were not typical of healthy young women but were similar to those of postmenopausal women of middle/old age.

Conclusions: Despite the young age of women with central hypogonadism, clinical, hormonal and biochemical abnormalities were similar in many aspects to those in postmenopausal women at middle/old age. These revealed features could be considered as signs of premature aging in young amenorrheic women with low gonadotropin levels.

The formation of hydrophilic pores in lipid bilayer during phase transition is described using Smolukhowski's equation with an additional term of the hydrophobic pore source. This term is added to account for defects in lipid packing during phase transition. We assume that the temporal sequence of the pores is a stochastic process, a non -stationary second- order Erlang flow. Flow characteristics depend on the equation solution and determine the formation times of the hydrophilic pore. The calculated distribution of the durations of intervals between hydrophilic pore formations is in a good agree ment with experimental data published before. In terms of this model we describe the influence of poly (ethylene glycol) on the pore formation frequency.

Изучено влияние лектинов растительного происхождения на цитотоксическую активность мононуклеаров периферической крови (МНПК) здоровых доноров. Установлено, что лектин гороха вызывает статистически значимый цитотоксический эффект МНПК по отношению к клеткам колоректального рака.

C целью повышения эффективности хирургического лечения больных с травматическими стенозами гортани разработан алгоритм выбора оперативной тактики, который включает антропометрию пациента — определение варианта шеи и телосложения, построение регрессионных моделей значимых ларингометрических параметров, выбор оптимальной технологии ларингопластики в зависимости от клинических данных — размеров голосовой щели и положения голосовых складок пациента; расчет размеров аутотрансплантата и длины Т-образной трубки, основанный на математическом анализе антропо- и органометрических характеристик пациента; ларинготрахеопластику и протезирование сформированного гортанно-трахеального просвета. Проведено обследование 71 пациента от 23 до 68 лет с хроническими паралитическими (31%) и сочетанными (69%) стенозами гортани с применением компьютерной томографии гортани и трахеи, антропометрического, эндоскопического и спирометрического методов. Больным проведено лечение по следующим методикам: экстраларингеальная латерофиксация голосовой складки (n=22); экстраларингеальная латерофиксация голосовой складки со стентированием Т-образной силиконовой трубкой (n=43); рассечение рубцов после предыдущих ларингопластик с редрессацией перстневидного хряща и стентированием гортани (n=6). В результате хирургического лечения по разработаному алгоритму с учетом варианта шеи и телосложения реабилитированы 68 (95,8%) пациентов с хроническими паралитическими и сочетанными стенозами гортани.

BACKGROUND:

The 2013 International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 (ICHD-3) was published in a beta version to allow the clinicians to confirm the validity of the criteria or to suggest improvements based on field studies. The aim of this work was to review the Primary Headache Disorders Section of ICHD-3 beta data on children and adolescents (age 0-18 years), and to suggest changes, additions, and amendments.
METHODS:

Several experts in childhood headache across the world applied different aspects of ICHD-3 beta in their normal clinical practice. Based on their personal experience and the literature available on pediatric headache, they made observations and proposed suggestions for the primary headache disorders section of ICHD-3 beta data on children and adolescents.
RESULTS:

Some headache disorders in children have specific features which are different from those seen in adults and which should be acknowledged and considered. Some features in children were found to be age-dependent: clinical characteristics, risks factors and etiologies have a strong bio psycho-social basis in children and adolescents making primary headache disorders in children distinct from those in adults.
CONCLUSIONS:

Several recommendations are presented in order to make ICHD-3 more appropriate for use with children.

The review is summarizing for the first time the results of original research and literature data revealing the conditions of opportunistic microflora (OM) pathogenicity and virulence formation in the dynamics of the infectious process, as well as maintenance and formation of gene pools in host cells and microorganisms. It is established, that formation or loss of pathogenic and virulent properties of microorganisms in the body happens under the influence of its external environment, its overall physiological and immunological reactivity, mucosal immunity, as well as with the direct participation of horizontal gene transfer. Newly created microbial pathogens cause infectious-inflammatory diseases. However, acquired pathogenicity factors are lost after recovery. Plasticity of gene pools of the macroorganism and microorganisms allows owners of gene pools to respond adequately to changes in the external and internal body environment, improve and enhance overall and immunological reactivity of the macroorganism in ontogenesis, generate optimal for specific situations symbiotic or antagonistic relationships between them taking into account newly acquired or lost pathogenicity and virulence factors and form new phenotypic or genetic properties of microorganisms. Horizontal genetic transfer is the process of moving the genetic information which is possible between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells both ways, as well as within a single cell.

Plant defense is achieved mainly through the induction of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP)-triggered immunity (MTI), effector-triggered immunity (ETI), systemic acquired resistance (SAR), induced systemic resistance (ISR), and RNA silencing. Plant immunity is a highly complex phenomenon with its own unique features that have emerged as a result of the arms race between plants and pathogens. However, the regulation of these processes is the same for all living organisms, including plants, and is controlled by proteases. Different families of plant proteases are involved in every type of immunity: some of the proteases that are covered in this review participate in MTI, affecting stomatal closure and callose deposition. A large number of proteases act in the apoplast, contributing to ETI by managing extracellular defense. A vast majority of the endogenous proteases discussed in this review are associated with the programmed cell death (PCD) of the infected cells and exhibit caspase-like activities. The synthesis of signal molecules, such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene, and their signaling pathways, are regulated by endogenous proteases that affect the induction of pathogenesis-related genes and SAR or ISR establishment. A number of proteases are associated with herbivore defense. In this review, we summarize the data concerning identified plant endogenous proteases, their effect on plant-pathogen interactions, their subcellular localization, and their functional properties, if available, and we attribute a role in the different types and stages of innate immunity for each of the proteases covered. View Full-Text

A comparative study performed in mice investigating the action of DF302, a novel fluoride-containing gamma-carboline derivative, in comparison to the structurally similar neuroprotective drug dimebon. Drug effects on learning and memory, emotionality, hippocampal neurogenesis and mitochondrial functions, as well as AMPA-mediated currents and the 5-HT6 receptor are reported. In the step-down avoidance and fear-conditioning paradigms, bolus administration of drugs at doses of 10 or 40 mg/kg showed that only the higher dose of DF302 improved long-term memory while dimebon was ineffective at either dosage. Short-term memory and fear extinction remained unaltered across treatment groups. During the 5-day predation stress paradigm, oral drug treatment over a period of 2 weeks at the higher dosage regimen decreased anxiety-like behaviour. Both compounds supressed inter-male aggression in CD1 mice, the most eminent being the effects of DF302 in its highest dose. DF302 at the higher dose decreased floating behaviour in a 2-day swim test and after 21-day ultrasound stress. The density of Ki67-positive cells, a marker of adult neurogenesis, was reduced in the dentate gyrus of stressed dimebon-treated and non-treated mice, but not in DF302-treated mice. Non-stressed mice that received DF302 had a higher density of Ki67-positive cells than controls unlike dimebon-treated mice. Similar to dimebon, DF302 effectively potentiated AMPA receptor-mediated currents, bound to the 5-HT6 receptor, inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition and displayed cytoprotective properties in cellular models of neurodegeneration. Thus, DF302 exerts multi-target effects on the key mechanisms of neurodegenerative pathologies and can be considered as an optimized novel analogue of the neuroprotective agent dimebon.

Studies on the methods of nanoparticle (NP) synthesis, analysis of their characteristics, and exploration of new fields of their applications are at the forefront of modern nanotechnology. The possibility of engineering water-soluble NPs has paved the way to their use in various basic and applied biomedical researches. At present, NPs are used in diagnosis for imaging of numerous molecular markers of genetic and autoimmune diseases, malignant tumors, and many other disorders. NPs are also used for targeted delivery of drugs to tissues and organs, with controllable parameters of drug release and accumulation. In addition, there are examples of the use of NPs as active components, e.g., photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy and in hyperthermic tumor destruction through NP incorporation and heating. However, a high toxicity of NPs for living organisms is a strong limiting factor that hinders their use in vivo. Current studies on toxic effects of NPs aimed at identifying the targets and mechanisms of their harmful effects are carried out in cell culture models; studies on the patterns of NP transport, accumulation, degradation, and elimination, in animal models. This review systematizes and summarizes available data on how the mechanisms of NP toxicity for living systems are related to their physical and chemical properties.