Репозиторий Университета

© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Dysfunction in the circadian system has been linked to emotion regulation and mood disorders with genetic variation in clock genes as likely contributors. Here, we focused on endophenotypes of affective processing and investigated in two independent samples of healthy individuals (n1=99, n2=108) whether genotypes of a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene encoding CLOCK (CLOCK T3111C, rs1801260) differed in physiological responses to emotional stimuli. Both samples underwent an emotional startle paradigm with startle responses being measured via EMG. In the second sample, skin conductance responses as well as corrugator and zygomaticus activity were also assessed. In both samples, CLOCK T3111C was associated with overall startle responses to loud noise bursts with T/T homozygotes showing consistently more marked responses. However, in the all-female second sample, the effects of CLOCK on skin conductance responses to the same loud noise bursts depended on hormone status: similar to the startle results, in free-cycling women T/T homozygotes showed more pronounced skin conductance response (SCR) compared to C allele carriers. The opposite was true for women using combined oral contraceptives (COC). A further CLOCK × hormone status interaction effect was found for corrugator activity. In free-cycling women, T/T homozygotes presented with less corrugator activity to affective pictures compared to C allele carriers, while the opposite pattern emerged for COC users. The findings emphasize the potential role of CLOCK for affect and mood.

© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Dysfunction in the circadian system has been linked to emotion regulation and mood disorders with genetic variation in clock genes as likely contributors. Here, we focused on endophenotypes of affective processing and investigated in two independent samples of healthy individuals (n1=99, n2=108) whether genotypes of a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene encoding CLOCK (CLOCK T3111C, rs1801260) differed in physiological responses to emotional stimuli. Both samples underwent an emotional startle paradigm with startle responses being measured via EMG. In the second sample, skin conductance responses as well as corrugator and zygomaticus activity were also assessed. In both samples, CLOCK T3111C was associated with overall startle responses to loud noise bursts with T/T homozygotes showing consistently more marked responses. However, in the all-female second sample, the effects of CLOCK on skin conductance responses to the same loud noise bursts depended on hormone status: similar to the startle results, in free-cycling women T/T homozygotes showed more pronounced skin conductance response (SCR) compared to C allele carriers. The opposite was true for women using combined oral contraceptives (COC). A further CLOCK × hormone status interaction effect was found for corrugator activity. In free-cycling women, T/T homozygotes presented with less corrugator activity to affective pictures compared to C allele carriers, while the opposite pattern emerged for COC users. The findings emphasize the potential role of CLOCK for affect and mood.

© 2020 Background: Miramistin is a widely used antiseptic, disinfectant and preservative, and one of the most popular antimicrobial agents on pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation (http://www.dsm.ru/en/news/385/). However, there is a lack of reported systematic data on antibacterial efficacy of this agent obtained in accordance with the international standards. Aim: This paper represents a systematic study of antibacterial properties of miramistin. Another objective of this work is to evaluate and compare the exploratory performance of in vitro and in vivo protocols of antiseptics’ efficacy testing using miramistin as the reference antiseptic. Methods: Antibacterial activity of 0.1% and 0.2% aqueous solutions of miramistin against two museum strains of S. aureus (ATCC 209p) and E. coli (CDC F-50) was studied. Three standard in vitro laboratory tests (microdilution test, suspension test, and metal surface test), and one in vivo test (on rat's skin) were used. The study was conducted in accordance with the international regulatory documents. Results: Miramistin showed high bactericidal activity against the studied bacterial pathogens in the standard in vitro tests. Thus, in the microdilution test it showed expressed activity against S. aureus (MIC 8 μg/ml, MBC 16 μg/ml) and E. coli (MIC 32 μg/ml, MBC 128 μg/ml). In the suspension test, miramistin decreased the amount of colony forming units by at least 6 log10 units for S. aureus, and by at least 4.5 log10 units for E. coli. Transition to the metal surface test led to significant decrease of antibacterial activity by 1–3 log10 units as compared to the suspension test. Further dramatic reduction of antiseptic activity (by 3–4 log10 units) was observed in in vivo rat skin test. Addition of a protein contaminant (bovine serum albumin) led to a general decrease in the effectiveness of miramistin against the test pathogens (typically, by 1–2 log10 units). An interesting effect of exposure time-dependent reversal of miramistin's specificity to the studied Gram-positive S. aureus and the Gram-negative E. coli organisms was observed in the metal surface test. Conclusions: The results of this work provide systematic data on antibacterial efficacy of miramistin. They also underscore the need in relevant in vivo models for evaluation of antiseptics' efficacy. While the existing in vitro methods can be successfully applied at the discovery stages, it is necessary to use more realistic in vivo models at more advanced development stages. The observed selectivity reversal effect should be taken into account when carrying out the antiseptics’ efficacy testing and surface disinfection procedures.

© 2020 Background: Miramistin is a widely used antiseptic, disinfectant and preservative, and one of the most popular antimicrobial agents on pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation (http://www.dsm.ru/en/news/385/). However, there is a lack of reported systematic data on antibacterial efficacy of this agent obtained in accordance with the international standards. Aim: This paper represents a systematic study of antibacterial properties of miramistin. Another objective of this work is to evaluate and compare the exploratory performance of in vitro and in vivo protocols of antiseptics’ efficacy testing using miramistin as the reference antiseptic. Methods: Antibacterial activity of 0.1% and 0.2% aqueous solutions of miramistin against two museum strains of S. aureus (ATCC 209p) and E. coli (CDC F-50) was studied. Three standard in vitro laboratory tests (microdilution test, suspension test, and metal surface test), and one in vivo test (on rat's skin) were used. The study was conducted in accordance with the international regulatory documents. Results: Miramistin showed high bactericidal activity against the studied bacterial pathogens in the standard in vitro tests. Thus, in the microdilution test it showed expressed activity against S. aureus (MIC 8 μg/ml, MBC 16 μg/ml) and E. coli (MIC 32 μg/ml, MBC 128 μg/ml). In the suspension test, miramistin decreased the amount of colony forming units by at least 6 log10 units for S. aureus, and by at least 4.5 log10 units for E. coli. Transition to the metal surface test led to significant decrease of antibacterial activity by 1–3 log10 units as compared to the suspension test. Further dramatic reduction of antiseptic activity (by 3–4 log10 units) was observed in in vivo rat skin test. Addition of a protein contaminant (bovine serum albumin) led to a general decrease in the effectiveness of miramistin against the test pathogens (typically, by 1–2 log10 units). An interesting effect of exposure time-dependent reversal of miramistin's specificity to the studied Gram-positive S. aureus and the Gram-negative E. coli organisms was observed in the metal surface test. Conclusions: The results of this work provide systematic data on antibacterial efficacy of miramistin. They also underscore the need in relevant in vivo models for evaluation of antiseptics' efficacy. While the existing in vitro methods can be successfully applied at the discovery stages, it is necessary to use more realistic in vivo models at more advanced development stages. The observed selectivity reversal effect should be taken into account when carrying out the antiseptics’ efficacy testing and surface disinfection procedures.

© 2020 Background: Miramistin is a widely used antiseptic, disinfectant and preservative, and one of the most popular antimicrobial agents on pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation (http://www.dsm.ru/en/news/385/). However, there is a lack of reported systematic data on antibacterial efficacy of this agent obtained in accordance with the international standards. Aim: This paper represents a systematic study of antibacterial properties of miramistin. Another objective of this work is to evaluate and compare the exploratory performance of in vitro and in vivo protocols of antiseptics’ efficacy testing using miramistin as the reference antiseptic. Methods: Antibacterial activity of 0.1% and 0.2% aqueous solutions of miramistin against two museum strains of S. aureus (ATCC 209p) and E. coli (CDC F-50) was studied. Three standard in vitro laboratory tests (microdilution test, suspension test, and metal surface test), and one in vivo test (on rat's skin) were used. The study was conducted in accordance with the international regulatory documents. Results: Miramistin showed high bactericidal activity against the studied bacterial pathogens in the standard in vitro tests. Thus, in the microdilution test it showed expressed activity against S. aureus (MIC 8 μg/ml, MBC 16 μg/ml) and E. coli (MIC 32 μg/ml, MBC 128 μg/ml). In the suspension test, miramistin decreased the amount of colony forming units by at least 6 log10 units for S. aureus, and by at least 4.5 log10 units for E. coli. Transition to the metal surface test led to significant decrease of antibacterial activity by 1–3 log10 units as compared to the suspension test. Further dramatic reduction of antiseptic activity (by 3–4 log10 units) was observed in in vivo rat skin test. Addition of a protein contaminant (bovine serum albumin) led to a general decrease in the effectiveness of miramistin against the test pathogens (typically, by 1–2 log10 units). An interesting effect of exposure time-dependent reversal of miramistin's specificity to the studied Gram-positive S. aureus and the Gram-negative E. coli organisms was observed in the metal surface test. Conclusions: The results of this work provide systematic data on antibacterial efficacy of miramistin. They also underscore the need in relevant in vivo models for evaluation of antiseptics' efficacy. While the existing in vitro methods can be successfully applied at the discovery stages, it is necessary to use more realistic in vivo models at more advanced development stages. The observed selectivity reversal effect should be taken into account when carrying out the antiseptics’ efficacy testing and surface disinfection procedures.

© 2019 The Authors Background: Retigabine is an antiepileptic drug developed for the adjunctive treatment of adults with epilepsy and partial-onset seizures (POS). Following its approval in 2011, reports of ophthalmological/dermatological pigmentation/discoloration led to a restriction of the indication in 2013, and in 2017, retigabine was voluntarily withdrawn from the market because of its limited usage. Here, data are reported from four open-label extension studies focusing on long-term safety with particular emphasis on ophthalmological and dermatological events. Methods: Studies 113413 (NCT01336621), 114873 (NCT01777139), 115097 (NCT00310388), and 115098 (NCT00310375) were multicenter, open-label extension studies of retigabine (300–1200 mg/day) for the adjunctive treatment of adults with POS. Safety assessments included monitoring treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). When new safety issues were identified, protocols were amended to include additional on-treatment safety evaluations, including ophthalmological and dermatological examinations. Patients who had abnormal retinal pigmentation, unexplained vision change, pigmentation of nonretinal ocular tissue, or abnormal discoloration of skin, lips, nails, and/or mucosa at the end of the treatment phase were asked to enter a safety follow-up continuation phase comprising 6-monthly ophthalmological/dermatological assessments. Results: The safety population (patients receiving ≥ 1 dose of retigabine in the open-label phase) comprised 98, 30, 376, and 181 patients for studies 113413, 114873, 115097, and 115098, respectively. Mean (standard deviation) treatment exposure ranged from 529 (424) to 1129 (999) days. In total, 68%–96% and 4%–27% of patients across the studies experienced TEAEs and TE SAEs, respectively. There were seven on-treatment deaths and two after discontinuation. Overall, 14%–73% of patients had an on-treatment eye examination, of whom 8/53, 4/22, 17/54, and 14/36 had abnormal retinal pigmentation and 15/53, 7/22, 15/54, and 11/36 had nonretinal ocular pigmentation in studies 113413, 114873, 115097, and 115098, respectively. Four patients had confirmed acquired vitelliform maculopathy. In patients with unresolved events at discontinuation and ≥ 1 posttreatment follow-up, retinal pigmentation resolved completely in 1/3, 0/3, 0/10, and 1/7 patients and nonretinal ocular pigmentation in 1/4, 0/3, 8/10, and 4/6 patients, respectively. Overall, 12%–83% of patients had an on-treatment dermatological examination, of whom 11/58, 0/25, 23/46, and 23/37 had any-tissue discoloration, respectively. In patients with unresolved events at discontinuation and ≥ 1 posttreatment follow-up, discoloration of skin, lips, nails, and/or mucosa resolved completely in 2/3, 0/0, 7/13, and 1/11 patients, respectively. Conclusions: The safety profile of retigabine in adults with POS across four open-label studies was generally consistent with data from previous placebo-controlled studies. Discoloration of various tissues occurred in a proportion of patients treated with retigabine and resolved completely in a small number of these patients following treatment discontinuation. In addition, comprehensive eye examination identified a new adverse reaction of acquired vitelliform maculopathy in a limited number of patients.

© 2019 The Authors BJU International © 2019 BJU International Published by John Wiley  &  Sons Ltd Objectives: To describe, step by step, a new one-stage dorsal skin flap urethroplasty for penile stricture repair. Materials and Methods: The surgery was accomplished through a midline incision on the ventral penile surface, the urethra was fully dissected from the corpora cavernosa and longitudinally opened along its dorsal surface. A penile skin island, based on the dartos fascia flap, was dissected and moved over the corpora cavernosa, and the urethra was moved and sutured over the penile skin flap. Results: Out of the 12 cases, 10 were classified successful and there were two failures. The operating time was 60 min. There was no postoperative fistula or urethral diverticulum. Conclusion: Our modified Orandi's technique was easy and feasible, and avoided fistula and diverticulum formation after repair.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. We studied the reactions of spinal ganglion neurons accompanying regeneration of the skin wound complicated by S. aureus sp. infection. The appearance of neuron groups with different morphofunctional changes was noted: reversible dystrophic and compensatory reactions and irreversible degenerative changes. The proportion of small B neurons was higher than the proportion of large type A neurons at all terms of the experiment. Application of plateletrich plasma to the wound after preliminary hydroimpulsive treatment considerably reduced cell destruction and stimulated regenerative effects in neurons starting from day 7 of the experiment. Application of platelet-rich plasma without hydroimpulsive treatment decelerated wound regeneration and increased the number of destructively changed neurons even in comparison with spontaneous wound healing. Close correlations between protein synthesis markers and stages of the wound process and its characteristics were revealed.

Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) are popular background-free optical contrast probes and efficient drug and gene delivery agents attracting attention in science, industry, and medicine. Their unique optical properties are especially useful for subsurface nanotheranostics applications, in particular, in skin. However, high cytotoxicity of PEI limits safe use of UCNP@PEI, and this represents a major barrier for clinical translation of UCNP@PEI-based technologies. Our study aims to address this problem by exploring additional surface modifications to UCNP@PEI to create less toxic and functional nanotheranostic materials. We designed and synthesized six types of layered polymer coatings that envelop the original UCNP@PEI surface, five of which reduced the cytotoxicity to human skin keratinocytes under acute (24 h) and subacute (120 h) exposure. In parallel, we examined the photoluminescence spectra and lifetime of the surface-modified UCNP@PEI. To quantify their brightness, we developed original methodology to precisely measure the colloidal concentration to normalize the photoluminescence signal using a nondigesting mass spectrometry protocol. Our results, specified for the individual coatings, show that, despite decreasing the cytotoxicity, the external polymer coatings of UCNP@PEI quench the upconversion photoluminescence in biologically relevant aqueous environments. This trade-off between cytotoxicity and brightness for surface-coated UCNPs emphasizes the need for the combined assessment of the viability of normal cells exposed to the nanoparticles and the photophysical properties of postmodification UCNPs. We present an optimized methodology for rational surface design of UCNP@PEI in biologically relevant conditions, which is essential to facilitate the translation of such nanoparticles to the clinical applications.

© 2018 Cambridge University Press. Parasitic trypanosomatids diverged from free-living kinetoplastid ancestors several hundred million years ago. These parasites are relatively well known, due in part to several unusual cell biological and molecular traits and in part to the significance of a few -pathogenic Leishmania and Trypanosoma species -as aetiological agents of serious neglected tropical diseases. However, the majority of trypanosomatid biodiversity is represented by osmotrophic monoxenous parasites of insects. In two lineages, novymonads and strigomonads, osmotrophic lifestyles are supported by cytoplasmic endosymbionts, providing hosts with macromolecular precursors and vitamins. Here we discuss the two independent origins of endosymbiosis within trypanosomatids and subsequently different evolutionary trajectories that see entrainment vs tolerance of symbiont cell divisions cycles within those of the host. With the potential to inform on the transition to obligate parasitism in the trypanosomatids, interest in the biology and ecology of free-living, phagotrophic kinetoplastids is beginning to enjoy a renaissance. Thus, we take the opportunity to additionally consider the wider relevance of endosymbiosis during kinetoplastid evolution, including the indulged lifestyle and reductive evolution of basal kinetoplastid Perkinsela.

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. The primary objective of this study is to introduce a simple and flexible mathematical approach which models transport processes in skin using compartments. The main feature of the presented approach is that the rate constants for exchange between compartments are derived from physiologically relevant diffusional transport parameters. This allows for better physical interpretation of the rate constants, and limits the number of parameters for the compartmental model. The resulting compartmental solution is in good agreement with previously published solutions for the diffusion model of skin when ten or more compartments are used. It was found that the new compartmental model with three compartments provided a better fit of the previously publish water penetration data than the diffusion model. Two special cases for which it is difficult to implement the diffusion model were considered using our compartmental approach. In both cases the compartmental model predictions agreed well with the diffusion model.

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. The mathematical model describing drug flux through microporated skin was previously developed. Based on this model, two mathematical equations can be used to predict the microporatio-enhanced transdermal drug flux: the complex primal equation containing a variety of experimentally-determined variables, and the simplified straightforward equation. In this study, experimental transdermal fluxes of three corticosteroids through split-thickness human skin treated with a microneedle roller were measured, and the values of fluxes compared with those predicted using both the more complex and simplified equations. According to the results of the study, both equations demonstrated high accuracy in the prediction of the fluxes of corticosteroids. The simplified equation was validated and confirmed as robust using regression analysis of literature data. Further, its capability and ease of use was exemplified by predicting the flux of methotrexate through the skin microporated with laser and comparing with published experimental data.

© 2018 Taylor  &  Francis Group, LLC. The mechanism of the molecular circadian clocks is currently understood as a transcription/translation feedback loop involving more than ten genes. Genetic variation at some of loci in these genes has been shaped by adaptation to environmental factors. In particular, latitudinal clines in allele frequency were documented in several animal species, but the contradictory conclusions were drawn from the results of rare human studies. Here we tested whether the out-of-African dispersal of human populations to higher latitudes of the Eurasian continent was associated with latitude-dependent shifts in allele frequency at polymorphic loci in genes of three (reference, circadian and skin pigmentation) groups. In order to detect the genetics-based signatures left by latitude-driven adaptation and to distinguish them from the confounding effects of population demographic history, we analyzed allele frequencies in 1594 individuals from 5 African and 11 Eurasian populations of the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3. Up to 80 polymorphisms with global minor allele frequency > 0.2 were sampled from each of 36 genes (1665 polymorphisms in total). As expected, percentage of polymorphisms demonstrating both significantly enlarged differentiation of Eurasian populations on allele frequency and significant correlation between latitude and allele frequency was significantly higher in pigmentation genes compared to circadian genes and in circadian genes compared to reference genes. We also showed that the latitude-driven adaptation can be separated from genetic consequences of demographic perturbations by comparison of results obtained for the whole set of 16 African and Eurasian populations with results for only Eurasian populations that share the common demographic history. The revealed latitudinal clines in allele frequency seemed to be shaped by polygenic selection occurring by small allele frequency shifts spread across many loci in circadian and non-circadian genes. The present results provided a rationale for necessity to facilitate candidate gene studies by prioritizing genetic markers of chronotype.

© 2018 Hubail et al. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the progression of a case of a patient with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) since early age who survived to adulthood, presenting with recurrent skin blisters and disfiguring scars and disabling musculoskeletal deformities. Background: EB is a rare group of inherited diseases that affect the skin fragility causing it to blister in response to even minor trauma. Established novel treatments are limited in the literature due to its rarity, and more research is needed to set a global management approach. Clinical manifestations range widely from localized to generalized blistering. Methods: A rare case of EB surviving to adulthood despite the complications, which has been evaluated, treated during a relapse, and followed up. Conclusion: The described case is of considerable clinical interest due to its rarity and severity. Optimal management requires a multidisciplinary approach and revolves around the protection of the skin against slightest injury, use of careful wound care dressings, aggressive nutritional support, and early medical or surgical interventions if needed to manage any complications. Prognosis varies considerably depending on each case.

© 2018, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved. The aim of this study is to conduct several non-invasive methods for assessing the level of circulatory disturbance, elasticity and aging of skin in patients of different age groups in order to expand the diagnostic capabilities and evaluate the effectiveness of current research in aesthetic medicine. Clinical and instrumental exploration of 160 women aged 17 to 75 years with varying degrees of involutional skin changes was carried out. To objectify the assessment of skin condition, in all group of patients modern instrumental methods were used, such as: elastometry, ultrasound examination of the skin, laser Doppler flowmetry, transcutaneous oxygen tension. Concurrent implementation of several non-invasive methods for assessing the level of circulatory disturbance, elasticity and aging of the skin, allowed us to find new possibilities for studying the functional state of the skin. These methods extend the possibilities of ultrasonic research methods used today in aesthetic cosmetology. The obtained comparative data of elastometry, ultrasonography, laser Doppler flowmetry and transcutaneous oximetry in patients of different age groups showed the presence of elasticity and structure defect, skin thickness and subcutaneous fat, as well as microcirculation changes since 25 years and marked changes after 40 years.

© 2019, Privolzhsky Research Medical University. All rights reserved. The study of the epidermis and derma histogenesis, including its epigenetic regulation, is an actively developing field of histology and embryology. The results of the study can elucidate the mechanisms of pathogenesis of some skin diseases of unknown etiology. Wnt signaling is a key regulator of the main morphogenetic processes — cell proliferation and differentiation. Downstream of Wnt signaling is carried out by canonical and non-canonical pathways. Impairments of Wnt signaling in prenatal and postnatal development lead to degenerative and tumor diseases of the skin and hair. Clinical manifestations of the prenatal disorders of skin development epigenetic regulation in the period may appear long after the birth. Identification of factors that disturb the regulation of morphogenetic processes is an important task for investigators. It was found out that activation of the mother’s immune system in the early pregnancy resulted in the development of transient alopecia in the offspring of mice. There was the correlation established between the disorders of epidermal and dermal histogenesis and alopecia as well as the development of regional dysmorphogenetic changes in the skin, which indicate the need to study the rates and features of skin development in various parts of the body.

© 2018 Meditsina Publishers. All rights reserved. The spread of a latent tuberculosis infection - 2.3 billion people - is of emergency importance for the global task of mankind - to eliminate tuberculosis as a common disease by 2035. For children, due to the limited use of the radiological diagnosis methods, the main methods today are the immunological tests for the detection of tuberculous infection. The most common used method is the tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) due to its lack of specificity has significant drawbacks, especially in countries using mass BCG vaccination. Relatively new methods using specific recombinant MTB proteins, both in vitro tests and in new skin tests, allow to determine tuberculosis infection in latent or active form much more specifically, however, they are somewhat less sensitive, in comparison with the Mantoux test, which requires development of these methods with the introduction of new additional specific antigens. It is obvious that crucial task is the development of new methods for distinguishing active and latent tuberculosis infection or being able to predict progression from latent to active TB diseases both in children and in adult population. The article shows new diagnostic techniques of blood cells and plasma samples based on the use of flow cytometry with the detection of antigen-specific T-cells producing interferongamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha, T-cells specific markers, as well as using combinations of the identification of various protein factors that have the prospect to determining active tuberculosis infection signs. However, these methods are still time-consuming and expensive. Currently, some new promising approaches based on the using of new genetically engineered products are being developed to determine specific antibodies in the blood serum. With the development of accelerated methods for the analysis of the expression of specific genes in blood cells, this direction also has the prospect of introducing into healthcare practice.

© 2018 Vitebsk State Medical University. All rights reserved. This clinical case demonstrates the development of severe streptococcal (Streptococcus pyogenes) necrotizing soft tissue infection as a result of perforation of the sigmoid neoplasm. The rapidly progressive necrotic process in the soft tissues of the lumbar and gluteal region as well as necrotic process in the left thigh (with the predominant lesion of the superficial fascia, subcutaneous fat and skin) led to the formation of an extensive postnecrectomic wound defect with an area of more than 1000 square centimeters. In addition to the severity of illness, the patient's belated treatment and the underestimation of the clinical situation by surgeons who provided emergency care contributed to such an extensive spread of the pathological process. The development of sepsis was accompanied by severe multiple organ failure. Because of the severity of the patient's condition, the surgical removal of the sigmoid neoplasm extended in the abdomen wall became possible only after its stabilization as a result of surgical focal sanation and complex intensive therapy in the conditions of the ICU. The most important point of the stage-by-stage surgical treatment was the choice of methods for the plastic closure of an extensive postnecrectomic wound that involved the entire left gluteal region, part of the lumbar and antero-inner surface of the left thigh. Taking into account the size and localization of the defect, the plastic reserves of the surrounding skin, the wound was closed in three stages with the help of combined plastic surgery techniques: with local tissues by the method of tissue expansion and a split-thickness skin graft.

© 2018 Silina et al. Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of free radical oxygen and peroxide-lipid processes along with conducting the study of blood flow level and oxygen saturation of facial tissues in patients of different ages with varying degrees of involutional changes in the skin of the face and neck. Materials and methods: One hundred and fifty-three people (84.3% women and 15.7% men) aged from 26 to 78 years with varying degrees of involutional changes in facial skin were examined. The clinical and laboratory evaluation was carried out dynamically and included various indicators of free radical processes, objective and subjective clinical visualization, and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) of the facial skin and transcutaneous oximetry (TcpO2) performed at 10 points on the face. To assess the state of free radical processes, the authors investigated the basal indicator of chemiluminescence intensity (ICb), the intensity of chemiluminescence stimulated (ICs) by zymosan, the activity coefficient (AC) of chemiluminescence, antiperoxide activity of plasma, and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results: With aging, the imbalance of the oxygen constituents of free radical processes grows with the increase in ROS. Proportional to age, the ICs increased 2.1 times on average in people older than 55 years compared to that in people younger than 30 years and ICb decreased by 1.8 times. As a result, the AC increased by 5.6 times. This correlates with involuntary skin changes and with regression of microcirculation and TcpO2. According to LDF, it was established that average total blood flow in people younger than 30 years and people older than 55 years was 8.1 and 6.4 mL/min, respectively The difference between the indicators of TcpO2 in people younger than 30 years and people older than 55 years was 1.6 times (average 56 vs 35 mm Hg). The stability of the indicators of the peroxide-lipid link of oxidative stress in different age groups demonstrated that the activation of ROS formation in mitochondria is not a cause but a consequence of microcirculation and metabolic processes in the face and neck and aging in general. Conclusion: The tissue metabolism and microcirculation parameters naturally regress with aging, which is associated with the increase of ROS. The excess of species leads to the intensification of peroxide processes. This, in turn, is reflected in the aesthetic appearance manifested by aging.

© 2018 Authors. The present work presents a description of various cutting devices with an emphasis on skin surgery for the optimal choice of instruments in plastic surgery. Physical principles of work with a description of the biological role of an ultrasonic scalpel, various laser cutting devices, electrosurgical instruments, including radiofrequency electrosurgery, are described. Studies of recent years, including systematic reviews and meta-analyzes, are devoted to comparative analysis of various cutting and coagulating devices among themselves and in comparison with the mechanical metal scalpel.