Репозиторий Университета

© 2019, Privolzhsky Research Medical University. All rights reserved. The study of the epidermis and derma histogenesis, including its epigenetic regulation, is an actively developing field of histology and embryology. The results of the study can elucidate the mechanisms of pathogenesis of some skin diseases of unknown etiology. Wnt signaling is a key regulator of the main morphogenetic processes — cell proliferation and differentiation. Downstream of Wnt signaling is carried out by canonical and non-canonical pathways. Impairments of Wnt signaling in prenatal and postnatal development lead to degenerative and tumor diseases of the skin and hair. Clinical manifestations of the prenatal disorders of skin development epigenetic regulation in the period may appear long after the birth. Identification of factors that disturb the regulation of morphogenetic processes is an important task for investigators. It was found out that activation of the mother’s immune system in the early pregnancy resulted in the development of transient alopecia in the offspring of mice. There was the correlation established between the disorders of epidermal and dermal histogenesis and alopecia as well as the development of regional dysmorphogenetic changes in the skin, which indicate the need to study the rates and features of skin development in various parts of the body.

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. The review of the literature deals with the participation of Clara cells now called club cells (CCs) of the epithelium in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles in the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, precancer, and cancer of the lung, which develop in the respiratory segments. The review summarizes data on the histophysiology of CCs and their participation in the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of chronic interstitial lung diseases, pneumoconiosis, chronic obstructive diseases, adenomatosis, and adenocarcinoma of the lung. In this area, there is a bronchioloalveolar junction area (BAJA), one of the most important stem cell niches. CCs are located in the BAJA; they are progenitor tissue stem cells and play an important role in the regeneration of the epithelium of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. Pathology of CCs in the BAJA leads to the maintenance of chronic inflammation, to the destruction of the lung elastic frame, and to impaired epithelial regeneration, interstitial fibrosis, and adenomatosis. In this case, decompensated inflammation, pathological regeneration, and fibrosis develop, which, along with the action of carcinogenic agents, can contribute to the accumulation of mutations and epigenetic rearrangements in the CCs, which subsequently results in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the lung.