Репозиторий Университета

Introduction: The claustrum is a structure involved in formation of several cortical and subcortical neural microcircuits which may be involved in such functions as conscious sensations and rewarding behavior. The claustrum is regarded as a multi-modal information processing network. Pathology of the claustrum is seen in certain neurological disorders. To date, there are not enough comprehensive studies that contain accurate information regarding involvement of the claustrum in development of neurological disorders. Objective: Our review aims to provide an update on claustrum anatomy, ontogenesis, cytoarchitecture, neural networks and their functional relation to the incidence of neurological diseases. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using the Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI MedLine, and eLibrary databases. Results: Despite new methods that have made it possible to study the claustrum at the molecular, genetic and epigenetic levels, its functions and connectivity are still poorly understood. The anatomical location, relatively uniform cytoarchitecture, and vast network of connections suggest a divergent role of the claustrum in integration and processing of input information and formation of coherent perceptions. Several studies have shown changes in the appearance, structure and volume of the claustrum in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), autism, schizophrenia, and depressive disorders. Taking into account the structure, ontogenesis, and functions of the claustrum, this literature review offers insight into understanding the crucial role of this structure in brain function and behavior.

Introduction: The claustrum is a structure involved in formation of several cortical and subcortical neural microcircuits which may be involved in such functions as conscious sensations and rewarding behavior. The claustrum is regarded as a multi-modal information processing network. Pathology of the claustrum is seen in certain neurological disorders. To date, there are not enough comprehensive studies that contain accurate information regarding involvement of the claustrum in development of neurological disorders. Objective: Our review aims to provide an update on claustrum anatomy, ontogenesis, cytoarchitecture, neural networks and their functional relation to the incidence of neurological diseases. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using the Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI MedLine, and eLibrary databases. Results: Despite new methods that have made it possible to study the claustrum at the molecular, genetic and epigenetic levels, its functions and connectivity are still poorly understood. The anatomical location, relatively uniform cytoarchitecture, and vast network of connections suggest a divergent role of the claustrum in integration and processing of input information and formation of coherent perceptions. Several studies have shown changes in the appearance, structure and volume of the claustrum in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), autism, schizophrenia, and depressive disorders. Taking into account the structure, ontogenesis, and functions of the claustrum, this literature review offers insight into understanding the crucial role of this structure in brain function and behavior.

© 2021, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. The state of human health is an important factor in the optimal for the existence in biological and social terms. It is now recognized that the best way to keep health – to lead healthy lives and avoid the negative influences of the environment. This is extremely important in the workplace and at home. The basis of life must be feasible rational muscular activity. Dosed physical loads provide balanced revitalizing effect on the body. They regulate the metabolism and have a pronounced training effect on motor and autonomic functions. Adequate and regular physical activity steadfastly increases the efficiency of the myocardium, improves blood flow to the brain and heart, improves the efficiency of peripheral circulation and venous return to the heart increases the body's tolerance to stress and the level of absorption of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. In this regard, rational physical activity are considered the basis of healthy lifestyles, active aging, and high adaptation to the external environment.

© 2021, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. The state of human health is an important factor in the optimal for the existence in biological and social terms. It is now recognized that the best way to keep health – to lead healthy lives and avoid the negative influences of the environment. This is extremely important in the workplace and at home. The basis of life must be feasible rational muscular activity. Dosed physical loads provide balanced revitalizing effect on the body. They regulate the metabolism and have a pronounced training effect on motor and autonomic functions. Adequate and regular physical activity steadfastly increases the efficiency of the myocardium, improves blood flow to the brain and heart, improves the efficiency of peripheral circulation and venous return to the heart increases the body's tolerance to stress and the level of absorption of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. In this regard, rational physical activity are considered the basis of healthy lifestyles, active aging, and high adaptation to the external environment.

© 2018 ABV-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved. Early childhood autism, or autism spectrum disorders, is an extremely heterogeneous group of conditions that share similar symptoms of dysontogenesis. Epilepsy is the most significant comorbidity in autism. The present article covers various aspects of comorbidity between epilepsy and autism, described in the literature over the last 50 years. This review aims to analyze the development of epilepsy and autism during ontogenesis and to identify causal relationships between these diseases, considering the information on the two age peaks for epilepsy onset in patients with autism.