Serum levels of M-CSF and C-FMS gene polymorphism as predictors of the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization
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01.01.2018 |
Lapshtaeva A.
Evsegneeva I.
Novikov V.
Karaulov A.
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Voprosy Ginekologii, Akusherstva i Perinatologii |
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© 2018 Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. The objective: To study M-CSF levels in venous blood and CSF1R gene polymorphism in women with tuboperitoneal infertility, who enter an IVF programme, and to assess their prognostic role. Patients and methods: The examination included 120 women, who were divided into two groups: 40 women with effective IVF (group I) and 80 women with ineffective IVF (group II). M-CSF serum levels were determined by ELISA method, the polymorphic marker rs386693509 of the c-fms gene UTR-3 region was examined by PCR method with subsequent Sanger sequencing. Results: Based on OR calculation, prognostically significant concentrations of M-CSF and c-fms genotype were found for diagnosing the development of pregnancy (95% CI = [1.934-11.116], p = 0.0021; 95% CI = [5.92-37.73], p = 0.0001, respectively). In women with effective IVF, weak correlation was found between M-CSF and the number of oocytes recovered by transvaginal puncture (TVP) (r = 0.3321, p = 0.0363). conclusion. The results of this work confirm a significant role of M-CSF in realisation of female reproductive function. The study has shown that serum M-CSF concentrations and polymorphism of its c-fms gene receptor have a predictive significance for pregnancy due to IVF procedure at the preconceptive stage. The obtained data contribute to our knowledge of the contribution of cytokines and gene polymorphisms to the development of an IVF pregnancy.
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Cerebrospinal fluid, brain electrolytes balance, and the unsuspected intrinsic property of melanin to dissociate the water molecule
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01.01.2018 |
Herrera A.
Ashraf G.
Arias Esparza M.
Tarasov V.
Chubarev V.
Avila-Rodriguez M.
Makhmutovа A.
Ganash M.
Mosa O.
Hafeez A.
Bachurin S.
Aliev G.
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CNS and Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets |
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© 2018 Bentham Science Publishers. Background & Objective: Regulation of composition, volume and turnover of fluids surrounding the brain and damp cells is vital. These fluids transport all substances required for cells and remove the unwanted materials. This regulation tends to act as barrier to prevent free exchange of materials between the brain and blood. There are specific mechanisms concerned with fluid secretion of the controlled composition of the brain, and others responsible for reabsorption eventually to blood and the extracellular fluid whatever their composition is. The current view assumes that choroidal plexuses secrete the major part of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), while the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) has a much less contribution to fluid production, generating Interstitial Fluid (ISF) that drains to CSF. The skull is a rigid box; thereby the sum of volumes occupied by the parenchyma with its ISF, related connective tissue, the vascula-ture, the meninges and the CSF must be relatively constant according to the Monroe-Kellie dogma. This constitutes a formidable challenge that normal organisms surpass daily. The ISF and CSF provide water and solutes influx and efflux from cells to these targeted fluids in a quite precise way. Microvessels within the parenchyma are sufficiently close to every cell where diffusion areas for solutes are tiny. Despite this, CSF and ISF exhibit very similar compositions, but differ significantly from blood plasma. Many hydro-philic substances are effectively prevented from the entry into the brain via blood, while others like neurotransmitters are extremely hindered from getting out of the brain. Anatomical principle of the barrier and routes of fluid transfer cannot explain the extraordinary accuracy of fluids and substances needed to enter or leave the brain firmly. There is one aspect that has not been deeply analyzed, despite being prevalent in all the above processes, it is considered a part of the CSF and ISF dynamics. This aspect is the energy necessary to propel them properly in time, form, space, quantity and temporality. Conclusion: The recent hypothesis based on glucose and ATP as sources of energy presents numerous contradictions and controversies. The discovery of the unsuspected intrinsic ability of melanin to dissociate and reform water molecules, similar to the role of chlorophyll in plants, was confirmed in the study of ISF and CSF biology.
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