Репозиторий Университета

Background: Low endometrial receptivity is one of the major factors affecting successful implantation in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Infertile patients with thin endometrium have a significantly lower cumulative clinical pregnancy rate than patients with normal endometrium. Molecular pathophysiology of low receptivity of thin endometrium remains understudied. We have investigated composition of glycocalyx of the apical surface of luminal and glandular epithelial cells in thin endometrium of infertile women. Methods: Thirty-two patients with tubal-peritoneal infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) were included in the study. Endometrial samples were obtained in a natural menstrual cycle. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with normal endometrium (≥8 mm) and with thin endometrium (< 8 mm). Histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded endometrial samples was performed using six biotinylated lectins (UEA-I, MAL-II, SNA, VVL, ECL, Con A) and anti-Le  and MECA-79 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Results: Complex glycans analysis taking into account the adjusted specificity of glycan-binding MAbs revealed 1.3 times less expression of MECA-79 glycans on the apical surface of the luminal epithelial cells of thin endometrium compared to normal endometrium; this deficiency may adversely affect implantation, since MECA-79 glycans are a ligand of L-selectin and mediate intercellular interactions. The glycans containing a type-2 unit Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ (LacNAc) but lacking sulfo-residues at 6-OH of GlcNAcβ, and binding to MECA-79 MAbs were found; they can be considered as potential markers of endometrium receptivity. Expression of the lectins-stained glycans on the apical surfaces of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells did not differ significantly. Correlation between the expression of difucosylated oligosaccharide Le  on the apical surfaces of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells was found in patients with thin endometrium and recurrent implantation failure. A similar relationship was shown for mannose-rich glycans. Conclusions: Specific features of key glycans expression in epithelial compartments of thin endometrium may be essential for morphogenesis of the endometrial functional layer and explain its low receptivity. Y Y

Background: Low endometrial receptivity is one of the major factors affecting successful implantation in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Infertile patients with thin endometrium have a significantly lower cumulative clinical pregnancy rate than patients with normal endometrium. Molecular pathophysiology of low receptivity of thin endometrium remains understudied. We have investigated composition of glycocalyx of the apical surface of luminal and glandular epithelial cells in thin endometrium of infertile women. Methods: Thirty-two patients with tubal-peritoneal infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) were included in the study. Endometrial samples were obtained in a natural menstrual cycle. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with normal endometrium (≥8 mm) and with thin endometrium (< 8 mm). Histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded endometrial samples was performed using six biotinylated lectins (UEA-I, MAL-II, SNA, VVL, ECL, Con A) and anti-Le  and MECA-79 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Results: Complex glycans analysis taking into account the adjusted specificity of glycan-binding MAbs revealed 1.3 times less expression of MECA-79 glycans on the apical surface of the luminal epithelial cells of thin endometrium compared to normal endometrium; this deficiency may adversely affect implantation, since MECA-79 glycans are a ligand of L-selectin and mediate intercellular interactions. The glycans containing a type-2 unit Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ (LacNAc) but lacking sulfo-residues at 6-OH of GlcNAcβ, and binding to MECA-79 MAbs were found; they can be considered as potential markers of endometrium receptivity. Expression of the lectins-stained glycans on the apical surfaces of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells did not differ significantly. Correlation between the expression of difucosylated oligosaccharide Le  on the apical surfaces of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells was found in patients with thin endometrium and recurrent implantation failure. A similar relationship was shown for mannose-rich glycans. Conclusions: Specific features of key glycans expression in epithelial compartments of thin endometrium may be essential for morphogenesis of the endometrial functional layer and explain its low receptivity. Y Y

© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor  &  Francis Group. Background: Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have a multifaceted effect on the hemostatic system, damaging all its protective links. Aim: To study the effect of APA on outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Study design: We examined 267 women with infertility, who planned pregnancy using ART. They included 178 women with IVF failure (I group) and 89 women with pregnancy after the IVF program (II group). The comparison group consisted of 80 pregnant women after IVF (male factor); a control group included 80 pregnant women with physiological pregnancy. Results of study demonstrated a high frequency of aPL circulation in a group of women with IVF failures. Overall, the proportion of aPL among all 267 women who planned pregnancy with ART was 32.6%. Elevated levels of aPL in the structure of causes of IVF failures (group I) were observed in 42.1% of them. Among women whose pregnancy occurred with ART (II group) the rate of APA was 19.1%. In the comparison group, in 6.3% of cases, aPL circulation was observed. In the control group, the rate was 3.4%. Conclusion: Considering the high percentage of aPL circulation in the case of IVF failures, authors think that high titers of aPL are a temporary contraindication for IVF. Patients with a history of aPL circulation are required to receive anticoagulant therapy from the first days of the hormonal protocol. The drug of choice is a group of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). An individual approach is extremely important with the possible identification of causes of IVF failures and selective therapy, which leads to a significant improvement in the outcomes of the IVF program.

© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor  &  Francis Group. Background: Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have a multifaceted effect on the hemostatic system, damaging all its protective links. Aim: To study the effect of APA on outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Study design: We examined 267 women with infertility, who planned pregnancy using ART. They included 178 women with IVF failure (I group) and 89 women with pregnancy after the IVF program (II group). The comparison group consisted of 80 pregnant women after IVF (male factor); a control group included 80 pregnant women with physiological pregnancy. Results of study demonstrated a high frequency of aPL circulation in a group of women with IVF failures. Overall, the proportion of aPL among all 267 women who planned pregnancy with ART was 32.6%. Elevated levels of aPL in the structure of causes of IVF failures (group I) were observed in 42.1% of them. Among women whose pregnancy occurred with ART (II group) the rate of APA was 19.1%. In the comparison group, in 6.3% of cases, aPL circulation was observed. In the control group, the rate was 3.4%. Conclusion: Considering the high percentage of aPL circulation in the case of IVF failures, authors think that high titers of aPL are a temporary contraindication for IVF. Patients with a history of aPL circulation are required to receive anticoagulant therapy from the first days of the hormonal protocol. The drug of choice is a group of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). An individual approach is extremely important with the possible identification of causes of IVF failures and selective therapy, which leads to a significant improvement in the outcomes of the IVF program.

© 2019 The Author(s). Background: Spontaneous pregnancy loss and implantation failure after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are very common occurrences. Although 50-60% of all cases remains unexplained, various predisposing factors, including thrombophilias, have been identified. Thus, the potential benefit of a prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparins in improving outcomes has been often investigated over the years. However, the majority of studies are observational and results from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are inconclusive, probably due to heterogeneity and limited sample size. To cover these unmet needs and to have further data mainly based on the real-life clinical management, we designed these multicenter registries. Methods: OTTILIA (Observational sTudy on antiThrombotic prevention in thrombophILIA and pregnancy loss) and FIRST (recurrent Failures in assIsted Reproductive Techniques) registries are two prospective, multicenter, observational studies to evaluate pregnancy or ART outcomes in consecutive women with previous reproductive failures after spontaneous or assisted conception, respectively. All enrolled women are observed from their first visit after positive pregnancy test (OTTILIA) or before commencing a new ART cycle (FIRST) until the end of pregnancy or ART procedure (negative pregnancy test/end of pregnancy, if successful cycle), respectively. Data are collected by means of questionnaires and recorded in a central database. Follow-up investigations are performed during hospital stay, routine clinical follow-up visits or telephone interviews. Primary outcome is live birth rate in the OTTILIA register and clinical pregnancy rate in the FIRST. Discussion: Although RCTs are the 'gold standard' for evaluating treatment outcomes, we believe that our registries represent a valid alternative in improving knowledge on mechanisms involved in reproductive failures and supporting future clinical decisions. Trial registration: NCT 02385461, retrospectively registered 5 March 2015 (OTTILIA); NCT 02685800, registered 10 February 2016 (FIRST).

© 2018 IEEE. Modern laser technologies have a wide range of scientific, commercial, medical and other applications. In medicine, lasers are used both for diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical purposes. Safety of laser radiation in assisted reproductive technologies is discussed in the paper. Efficiency of using femtosecond (fs) laser pulses to perform noncontact embryo biopsy as well as laser-assisted hatching is shown. First results on femtosecond laser marking on the surface of embryo outer shell for individual embryo tagging are also presented. Question of safety of THz radiation for living objects (starting at the cellular level and ending with the organism in whole) is still a matter of controversy and requires further study. Experimental study of high-power THz pulses effect on living 2D cell culture is presented. MSC cells are exposed to multiple (from 80 to 100) THz pulses with intensities up to 1 MV/cm. No short-term damage effects are observed during first hours post cell irradiation.

© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor  &  Francis Group. Background: Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have a multifaceted effect on the hemostatic system, damaging all its protective links. Aim: To study the effect of APA on outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Study design: We examined 267 women with infertility, who planned pregnancy using ART. They included 178 women with IVF failure (I group) and 89 women with pregnancy after the IVF program (II group). The comparison group consisted of 80 pregnant women after IVF (male factor); a control group included 80 pregnant women with physiological pregnancy. Results of study demonstrated a high frequency of aPL circulation in a group of women with IVF failures. Overall, the proportion of aPL among all 267 women who planned pregnancy with ART was 32.6%. Elevated levels of aPL in the structure of causes of IVF failures (group I) were observed in 42.1% of them. Among women whose pregnancy occurred with ART (II group) the rate of APA was 19.1%. In the comparison group, in 6.3% of cases, aPL circulation was observed. In the control group, the rate was 3.4%. Conclusion: Considering the high percentage of aPL circulation in the case of IVF failures, authors think that high titers of aPL are a temporary contraindication for IVF. Patients with a history of aPL circulation are required to receive anticoagulant therapy from the first days of the hormonal protocol. The drug of choice is a group of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). An individual approach is extremely important with the possible identification of causes of IVF failures and selective therapy, which leads to a significant improvement in the outcomes of the IVF program.

© 2018, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. The article analyzes a favourable outcome of multiple pregnancy achieved after using assisted reproductive technologies and donor egg in a patient with recurrent pregnancy loss and combined thrombophilia.

© 2018 Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. Exosomes (vesicles with the size of 30-150 nm) are formed in multivesicular bodies (MVB) by invagination of early endosome membranes and mediate intercellular interactions. Exosomes are secreted by various kinds of cells, their content might be represented by proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, which reflect the functional state of donor cells. The effect of exosomes on recipient cells depends on their quantity and characteristics of their «load». Comparatively recently, placental exosomes secreted by various placental cells have been isolated from blood of pregnant women. A specific protein - placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) - has been determined for these exosomes. PLAP-positive exosomes can be found in maternal blood as soon as in the first trimester of pregnancy, their number increases with maturation of the foetus and reaches its maximum by the moment of birth. Although the functional significance of placental exosomes is still investigated, some authors relate changes in the placental exosome profile (their number and composition) to placental dysfunction underlying the development of complications of pregnancy. Isolation of exosomes from blood of pregnant women (fluid biopsy) and determination of their biological characteristics might be regarded as early noninvasive diagnosis of structural and functional placental abnormalities. The appearing evidence of blastocyst-secreted exosomes and their role in modulating maternal immunity and endometrial receptiveness during implantation are also promising. The review presents data about the biogenesis, structure and functions of exosomes and the role of placenta-associated exosomes in the development of physiological and complicated pregnancy, and also about the possibility of using exosomes as a marker of the state of the blastocyst in assisted reproductive technologies, in particular, in oocyte donation and surrogate motherhood.

© 2018 The Author(s). In this article, the requirements for a prospective register of assisted reproductive technologies are considered. The basis of such a register is a specialized data store - the electronic passport of the woman's reproductive health. This register will Serve as a basis to analyse the effectiveness of the use of assisted reproductive technologies and for Supporting the making of medical decisions about the likelihood of pregnancy.

Copyright © 2018 by the MediaSphere. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are currently widely used around the world because of the increased prevalence of infertility (presently, about 15% of married couples suffer from infertility), as well as the increased access to treatment and public funding for this method. Hence, the number of children conceived by ART is steadily increasing every year. This review focuses on the pressing problem of the health status of children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (ART) by analyzing modern publications on the state of physical, gonadal and psychosomatic development, features of the endocrine system and cardiometabolic diseases, the risk of imprinting changes, congenital malformations and oncological disorders. The data presented that there is no increased risk of childhood cancer or deterioration in quality of life. However, it is expected that the cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors found in childhood can worsen in later life and may ultimately be responsible for chronic cardiometabolic disease. Furthermore, the issue of fertility, especially in the male population conceived by ART, remains open, thus requiring additional longer-term research.

© 2018, Bionika Media Ltd. All rights reserved. Background. Hatching from the zona pellucida is one of the most important stages of human preimplantation embryo development and spontaneous hatching inability is one of the causes of implantation failure in assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles. The use of mechanical integrity disorders or complete destruction of the zona pellucida (assisted hatching) can be an effective way to enhance the effectiveness of infertility treatment programs using ART techniques. Objective. To assess the results of ART programs depending on the performance and type of assisted hatching. Material and methods. The prospective cohort investigation enrolled 309 patients treated for infertility with in vitro fertilization (IVF). According to the type and performance of assisted blastocyst hatching, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) 106 patients undergoing laser hatching with partial removal of the zona pellucida; 2) 103 patients having pronase hatching with complete removal of the zona pellucida; 3) 100 patients with no assisted blastocyst hatching. The degree of maturity and the quality of oocytes and embryos were assessed; hatching was monitored using light microscopy. Results. The pregnancy rates were noted to be statistically higher in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3; the multiple pregnancy rates were significantly lower in Group 1. Conclusion. Complete zona pellucida removal is a new approach to assisted hatching, in which, firstly, there is no mechanical separation of the cells forming the embryo, and, secondly, there is a rapid contact with endometrial cells during implantation. This contributes to the reduction of the risk of monozygotic pregnancies during the transfer of one morphologically normal blastocyst, by enhancing the effectiveness of ART programs.