The association between the time of alcohol drinking and injury risk in Thailand: a cross‐sectional emergency department study
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01.12.2021 |
Sornpaisarn B.
Sornpaisarn S.
Rehm J.
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Substance Abuse: Treatment, Prevention, and Policy |
10.1186/s13011-021-00365-y |
0 |
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Background: Although the relationship between acute alcohol consumption and injuries is well recognized, studies exploring how the time of day the drinking commences affects alcohol-related injuries have been scarce. This contribution examines the associations between the time at which the drinking began and the duration of the drinking, the volume of alcohol consumed, the injury type, and the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level. Method: This study employed a cross-sectional survey, which was conducted in two hospital emergency departments (ED) in Chiangmai Province, Thailand. The sample was composed of 519 injured patients aged 18 years and older. Outcome measures included the BAC and type of injury. Exposures included the quantity of alcohol consumed, the time the drinking commenced, and the pattern of drinking involved. Results: The injured patients who drank alcohol within six hours prior to sustaining their injury were more likely to get injured and present themselves at the ED at night (20:00–04:00) compared to those who sustained an injury but did not drink in the hours prior. However, this relationship was only true for unintentional injuries, not intentional ones. The majority of participants consumed their first drink between 16:00 and 20:00. On average, among the 104 patients who drank prior to sustaining an injury, the total amount of alcohol consumed was 6.9 drinks, the duration of drinking was 2.6 h, the rate of drinking was 6.0 drinks/hour, and the BAC was 0.119 gm%. Every drink increased the BAC by 0.012 gm% and each year of increasing age increased the BAC by 0.003 gm%. People who were older, less educated, and drank more frequently tended to have their first drink earlier than other drinkers. An earlier start to their drinking resulted in a faster pace of drinking and a higher BAC. Conclusions: BAC increased with the total amount of alcohol consumed and the age of the drinker. Different groups of people had their first drink at different times of the day, resulting in differences in the rate of drinking, the BAC, the time of injury, and the time they presented to the ED after injury.
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The Effect of Training Experience and Leg Dominance on the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Intraarticular Changes of the Knee Joints in Adult Professional Male Soccer Players
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01.12.2020 |
Bezuglov E.N.
Khaitin V.Y.
Lyubushkina A.V.
Lazarev A.M.
Gorinov A.V.
Sivakova E.Y.
Rumiantseva E.I.
Lychagin A.V.
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Sports Medicine - Open |
10.1186/s40798-020-00248-9 |
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© 2020, The Author(s). Background: Currently, no data is available regarding the association between professional experience or limb dominance and the prevalence of asymptomatic knee joint lesions in adult professional male soccer players. Hypothesis: The prevalence of the accumulated changes increases with training experience. This is especially true for the dominant leg, which is involved in a large proportion of the athletes’ movements. Study Design: Level 2 cross-sectional cohort study Methods: MRI was used to assess the condition of 94 knee joints in 47 adult professional male soccer players (mean age 25.7 ± 4.6 years, BMI 22.8 ± 1.4). Previous surgery on joints was an exclusion criterion. No football player had knee injuries (including fresh bruises) for at least 3 months before the examination. All the scans were performed using a 1.5T MRI scanner and a slice thickness of 3 mm. The images were blindly analyzed by two experienced radiologists. We analyzed all the three compartments of the knee joint. We consider a chondral lesion already from grade I in modified Noyes and Stabler classification system. To assess the influence of soccer training experience, all players were divided into two groups: group 1 formed from players with less than 20 years of experience and group 2 with more than 20 years of experience. Results: One hundred percent of the soccer players had at least one chondral and meniscal lesion. In both legs, the posterior horn of the medial meniscus (95.6%) was the most frequent site of injury. Most of the injuries were classified as grade II injuries (73.3% for the dominant and 75.6% for the non-dominant leg). Experience and age of the athletes significantly increased the probability of subcortical bone lesions. They were significantly positively correlated with the grades of patellar lesions and lesions of the patellar surface of the femur and significantly negatively correlated with the grades of lesions of posterior horn of lateral meniscus and anterior horn of medial meniscus. No statistically significant differences in the prevalence and grades of cartilage and meniscal lesions in the dominant and non-dominant limb were observed. Conclusion: Soccer practice is associated with the increased prevalence of asymptomatic chondral and meniscal lesions. The probability of subcortical bone lesions significantly increases with training experience and age. These factors are also positively correlated with the grades of patellar lesions and lesions of the patellar surface of the femur. The prevalence and grade of asymptomatic chondral and meniscal lesions is independent of leg dominance.
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Biomechanics of starting, sprinting and submaximal running in athletes with brain impairment: A systematic review
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01.12.2020 |
Fiorese B.A.
Beckman E.M.
Connick M.J.
Hunter A.B.
Tweedy S.M.
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Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport |
10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.006 |
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© 2020 Sports Medicine Australia Objectives: Para athletes with brain impairment are affected by hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis, which adversely affect starting, sprinting and submaximal running. The aim was to identify and synthesise evidence from studies that have compared the biomechanics of runners with brain impairments (RBI) and non-disabled runners (NDR). Design: Systematic review. Methods: Five journal databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2020. Included studies compared the biomechanics of RBI (aged > 14 years) and NDR performing either block-starts, sprinting, or submaximal running. Results: Eight studies were included, analysing a total of 100 RBI (78M:22F; 18–38 years) diagnosed with either cerebral palsy (n = 44) or traumatic brain injury (n = 56). Studies analysed block-starts (n = 3), overground sprinting (n = 3) and submaximal running (n = 2), and submaximal treadmill running (n = 1). Horizontal velocity during starts, sprinting and self-selected submaximal speeds were lower in RBI. During sprinting and submaximal running, compared with NDR, RBI had shorter stride length, step length, and flight time, increased ground-contact time, increased cadence, and reduced ankle and hip range of motion. In submaximal running, RBI had decreased ankle-power generation at toe-off. Conclusions: There is limited research and small sample sizes in this area. However, preliminary evidence suggests that RBI had lower sprint speeds and biomechanical characteristics typical of submaximal running speeds in NDR, including increased ground-contact times and reduced stride length, step length, and flight times. Meaningful interpretation of biomechanical findings in RBI is impeded by impairment variability (type, severity and distribution), and methods which permit valid, reliable impairment stratification in larger samples are required.
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Biomechanics of starting, sprinting and submaximal running in athletes with brain impairment: A systematic review
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01.12.2020 |
Fiorese B.A.
Beckman E.M.
Connick M.J.
Hunter A.B.
Tweedy S.M.
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Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport |
10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.006 |
0 |
Ссылка
© 2020 Sports Medicine Australia Objectives: Para athletes with brain impairment are affected by hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis, which adversely affect starting, sprinting and submaximal running. The aim was to identify and synthesise evidence from studies that have compared the biomechanics of runners with brain impairments (RBI) and non-disabled runners (NDR). Design: Systematic review. Methods: Five journal databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2020. Included studies compared the biomechanics of RBI (aged > 14 years) and NDR performing either block-starts, sprinting, or submaximal running. Results: Eight studies were included, analysing a total of 100 RBI (78M:22F; 18–38 years) diagnosed with either cerebral palsy (n = 44) or traumatic brain injury (n = 56). Studies analysed block-starts (n = 3), overground sprinting (n = 3) and submaximal running (n = 2), and submaximal treadmill running (n = 1). Horizontal velocity during starts, sprinting and self-selected submaximal speeds were lower in RBI. During sprinting and submaximal running, compared with NDR, RBI had shorter stride length, step length, and flight time, increased ground-contact time, increased cadence, and reduced ankle and hip range of motion. In submaximal running, RBI had decreased ankle-power generation at toe-off. Conclusions: There is limited research and small sample sizes in this area. However, preliminary evidence suggests that RBI had lower sprint speeds and biomechanical characteristics typical of submaximal running speeds in NDR, including increased ground-contact times and reduced stride length, step length, and flight times. Meaningful interpretation of biomechanical findings in RBI is impeded by impairment variability (type, severity and distribution), and methods which permit valid, reliable impairment stratification in larger samples are required.
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Mitochondrial damage & lipid signaling in traumatic brain injury
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01.07.2020 |
Lamade A.M.
Anthonymuthu T.S.
Hier Z.E.
Gao Y.
Kagan V.E.
Bayır H.
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Experimental Neurology |
10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113307 |
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© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Mitochondria are essential for neuronal function because they serve not only to sustain energy and redox homeostasis but also are harbingers of death. A dysregulated mitochondrial network can cascade until function is irreparably lost, dooming cells. TBI is most prevalent in the young and comes at significant personal and societal costs. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a biphasic and mechanistically heterogenous response and this mechanistic heterogeneity has made the development of standardized treatments challenging. The secondary phase of TBI injury evolves over hours and days after the initial insult, providing a window of opportunity for intervention. However, no FDA approved treatment for neuroprotection after TBI currently exists. With recent advances in detection techniques, there has been increasing recognition of the significance and roles of mitochondrial redox lipid signaling in both acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. Oxidized lipids and their downstream products result from and contribute to TBI pathogenesis. Therapies targeting the mitochondrial lipid composition and redox state show promise in experimental TBI and warrant further exploration. In this review, we provide 1) an overview for mitochondrial redox homeostasis with emphasis on glutathione metabolism, 2) the key mechanisms of TBI mitochondrial injury, 3) the pathways of mitochondria specific phospholipid cardiolipin oxidation, and 4) review the mechanisms of mitochondria quality control in TBI with consideration of the roles lipids play in this process.
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Mitochondrial damage & lipid signaling in traumatic brain injury
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01.07.2020 |
Lamade A.M.
Anthonymuthu T.S.
Hier Z.E.
Gao Y.
Kagan V.E.
Bayır H.
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Experimental Neurology |
10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113307 |
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© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Mitochondria are essential for neuronal function because they serve not only to sustain energy and redox homeostasis but also are harbingers of death. A dysregulated mitochondrial network can cascade until function is irreparably lost, dooming cells. TBI is most prevalent in the young and comes at significant personal and societal costs. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a biphasic and mechanistically heterogenous response and this mechanistic heterogeneity has made the development of standardized treatments challenging. The secondary phase of TBI injury evolves over hours and days after the initial insult, providing a window of opportunity for intervention. However, no FDA approved treatment for neuroprotection after TBI currently exists. With recent advances in detection techniques, there has been increasing recognition of the significance and roles of mitochondrial redox lipid signaling in both acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. Oxidized lipids and their downstream products result from and contribute to TBI pathogenesis. Therapies targeting the mitochondrial lipid composition and redox state show promise in experimental TBI and warrant further exploration. In this review, we provide 1) an overview for mitochondrial redox homeostasis with emphasis on glutathione metabolism, 2) the key mechanisms of TBI mitochondrial injury, 3) the pathways of mitochondria specific phospholipid cardiolipin oxidation, and 4) review the mechanisms of mitochondria quality control in TBI with consideration of the roles lipids play in this process.
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The cardioprotective effects of diallyl trisulfide on diabetic rats with ex vivo induced ischemia/reperfusion injury
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01.10.2019 |
Jeremic J.
Jakovljevic V.
Zivkovic V.
Srejovic I.
Bradic J.
Bolevich S.
Nikolic Turnic T.
Mitrovic S.
Jovicic N.
Tyagi S.
Jeremic N.
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Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry |
10.1007/s11010-019-03577-w |
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© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is distinguished as the most potent polysulfide isolated from garlic. The aim of our study was to investigate effects of oral administration of DATS on healthy and diabetic rats, with special attention on heart function. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: CTRL (healthy rats), DATS (healthy rats treated with DATS), DM (diabetic rats), DM + DATS (diabetic rats treated with DATS). DATS (40 mg/kg of body weight) was administered every other day for 3 weeks, at the end of which rats underwent echocardiography, glycemic measurement and redox status assessment. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min global ischemia and 60 min reperfusion, after which heart tissue was counterstain with hematoxylin and eosin and cardiac Troponin T staining (cTnT), while expression of Bax, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), caspase-3, caspase-9 and superoxide dismutase-2 were examined in the left ventricle. DATS treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels of diabetic rats, and improved cardiac function recovery, diminished oxidation status, attenuated cardiac remodeling and inhibited myocardial apoptosis in healthy and diabetic rats. DATS treatment causes promising cardioprotective effects on ex vivo-induced ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic and healthy rat heart probably mediated by inhibited myocardial apoptosis. Moreover, appropriate DATS consumption may provide potential co-therapy or prevention of hyperglycemia and various cardiac complications in rats with DM.
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Efficiency of human olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation into spinal cysts to improve mobility of the hind limbs
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15.09.2019 |
Stepanova O.
Voronova A.
Chadin A.
Valikhov M.
Semkina A.
Karsuntseva E.
Chekhonin I.
Shishkina V.
Reshetov I.
Chekhonin V.
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Stem Cells and Development |
10.1089/scd.2019.0092 |
0 |
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© Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2019. The pathological processes developing after spinal cord injuries often lead to formation of cysts. Existing surgical and medical methods are insufficient for treatment of post-traumatic spinal cord cysts. One of the emerging tools is cell therapy. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are perspective cells for cell therapy. In this study, we demonstrated that human OEC transplantation is effective in experimental spinal cysts. For our experiments, we selected animals only at the intermediate stage of recovery with scores from 8 to 13 according to the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale. Cells were transplanted in different quantities (0.75 and 1.5 million) into the fully formed cysts and in the areas of injury without cysts. Improvement of limb mobility after human OEC transplantation into post-traumatic cysts was shown. In the group of rats with cysts, time-dependent increase in the BBB score was observed in subgroups treated with 0.75 and 1.5 million OECs with no statistically significant time-dependent dynamics of BBB values in the control group. When all three subgroups (control and two OEC doses) were compared, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed the presence of differences between subgroups after 1, 3, and 4 weeks of treatment with evidence of divergence increase. There was no statistically significant difference between the two doses of OEC treatment. The human OECs in the experiments without cysts were not effective. It was also shown that PKH26-labeled human OECs survive throughout the experiment and migrate to nearby areas of the cyst. Therefore, it was found that it is effective to transplant human OECs into fully formed cysts. In the future, autologous OECs can be used to personalize the treatment of patients with spinal cysts.
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Comparison of the Efficiency of Transplantation of Rat and Human Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Posttraumatic Cysts of the Spinal Cord
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01.08.2019 |
Voronova D.
Stepanova O.
Valikhov M.
Chadin A.
Semkina S.
Abakumov M.
Reshetov I.
Chekhonin V.
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Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine |
10.1007/s10517-019-04568-z |
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© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Olfactory ensheathing cells showed significant effects on the regeneration of the spinal cord in experimental models and in clinical trials. However, the use of these cells in the therapy of posttraumatic cysts of the spinal cord has not been studied. Cultures of human and rat olfactory mucosa were obtained according to the protocols developed by us. Passage 3-4 cultures are most enriched with olfactory ensheathing cells and are preferable for transplantation. We performed transplantation of 750,000 olfactory ensheathing cells into the region of modeled cysts. The therapeutic effect of human cells was more pronounced. The positive dynamics of recovery of motor activity in the hind limbs of rats can reflect regenerative processes in the spinal cord after transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells into the region of posttraumatic cysts.
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Urinary indicators of inflammation and fibrosis in children with congenital uropathies
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01.09.2018 |
Morozov D.
Morozova O.
Maltseva L.
Lakomova D.
Palatova T.
Morozov K.
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Pediatriya - Zhurnal im G.N. Speranskogo |
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0 |
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© 2018; Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved. Congenital uropathies (CU) are anomalies associated with impaired patency of the upper and lower urinary tract and include congenital hydronephrosis, megaureter, primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), infravesical obstruction with prevalence in the pediatric population up to 1,4-2,8%. The most dangerous complication of CU is the development of kidney fibrosis in 30-60% of children combined with a persistent urinary system infection (USI). The lack of effective methods for early diagnosis and evaluation of renal parenchyma fibrosis treatment efficacy dictates the need for further search for molecular indicators of kidney injury. The article describes the study of inflammation biomarkers (interleukin 6 (IL6), inertleukin 8 (IL8), interleukin 10 (IL10)) and fibrosis (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), transforming growth factor Β1 (TGFΒ1), vasculoendothelial growth factor (VEGF)) in urine in children with CU for diagnosis, monitoring and predicting the course of pathology. The study included 255 patients with various variants of CU (congenital hydronephrosis - 75, VUR - 169, infravesical obstruction - 11). The mean age of the patients was 4,3±3,2 years. The comparison group included 20 almost healthy children stratified by sex and age without USI. Biomarkers were determined by the method of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) in the dynamics of pathology. All patients had an increase in urinary levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL6, 8), even without clinical picture of USI. The increase in the concentration of MCP1 and TGFΒ1 in the urine is proportional to the degree and duration of VUR before its treatment, their content increased after 6 months after the correction of VUR and indicated the persistence of latent pyelonephritis and fibrosis progression. Molecular diagnosis of inflammation and fibrosis markers n the urine is a promising noninvasive method for assessing the pathological process in kidneys, the effectiveness and adequacy of the treatment.
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Mechanisms of LPS-induced acute kidney injury in neonatal and adult rats
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08.08.2018 |
Plotnikov E.
Brezgunova A.
Pevzner I.
Zorova L.
Manskikh V.
Popkov V.
Silachev D.
Zorov D.
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Antioxidants |
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5 |
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© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in newborns, greatly associated with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) and failure. Handling of newborns with kidney damage can be significantly different compared to adults, and it is necessary to consider the individuality of an organism’s response to systemic inflammation. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated acute kidney injury model to study mechanisms of kidney cells damage in neonatal and adult rats. We found LPS-associated oxidative stress was more severe in adults compared to neonates, as judged by levels of carbonylated proteins and products of lipids peroxidation. In both models, LPS-mediated septic simulation caused apoptosis of kidney cells, albeit to a different degree. Elevated levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the kidney dropped after LPS administration in neonates but increased in adults. Renal fibrosis, as estimated by smooth muscle actin levels, was significantly higher in adult kidneys, whereas these changes were less profound in LPS-treated neonatal kidneys. We concluded that in LPS-mediated AKI model, renal cells of neonatal rats were more tolerant to oxidative stress and suffered less from long-term pathological consequences, such as fibrosis. In addition, we assume that by some features LPS administration simulates the conditions of accelerated aging.
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Acute and Chronic Musculoskeletal Injury in Para Sport: A Critical Review
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01.05.2018 |
Tuakli-Wosornu Y.
Mashkovskiy E.
Ottesen T.
Gentry M.
Jensen D.
Webborn N.
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Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America |
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2 |
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© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Sport-related injury patterns among Para athletes have been described with increasing frequency. This review summarizes musculoskeletal injuries in Para athletes. Seated Para athletes sustain upper extremity injuries more commonly; ambulant Para athletes frequently sustain lower extremity injuries. The upper extremity is the most commonly injured anatomic area in all Para athletes, unlike able-bodied athletes. Advanced age and spinal cord injury may increase the risk of upper extremity injury. Injury data for recreational and youth Para athletes are sparse. Summarizing current injury epidemiology data may help to accelerate the development of injury prevention strategies and lifetime injury models for Para athletes.
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Drug-associated acute lung injury during amiodarone uptake
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01.01.2018 |
Voronkova O.
Abdullaeva G.
Tsvetkova Olga A.
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Kardiologiya |
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0 |
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© 2018 Limited Liability Company KlinMed Consulting. All Rights Reserved. In this article we present a clinical case of a quick recovery and restoration of pulmonary function after withdrawal of amiodarone in a patient with drug-associated acute lung injury induced by intake of amiodarone for two months.
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Parameters of vancomycin pharmacokinetics in postoperative patients with renal dysfunction: Comparing the results of a pharmacokinetic study and mathematical modeling
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01.01.2018 |
Ramenskaya G.
Shokhin I.
Lukina M.
Andrushchishina T.
Chukina M.
Tsarev I.
Vartanova O.
Morozova T.
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Bulletin of Russian State Medical University |
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0 |
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© 2018 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. All rights reserved. Mathematical modeling of pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters essential for establishing correct dosing regimens is an alternative to pharmacokinetic studies (PKS) adopted in the clinical setting. The aim of this work was to compare the values of PK parameters for vancomycin obtained in an actual PKS and through MM in postoperative patients with kidney injury. Our prospective study included 61 patients (47 males and 14 females aged 60.59 ± 12.23 years). During PKS, drug concentrations at steady state Сtrough and Cpeak were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography followed by the calculation of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve AUC24. For mathematical modeling, a single-compartment model was employed; PK parameters were estimated using R 3.4.0. The values of Ctrough measured 48 h after the onset of antibiotic therapy during PKS were significantly lower than those predicted by MM (р = 0.004). In a group of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), AUC24 measured at the end of treatment was significantly higher than its value predicted by MM (р = 0.011). The probability of achieving the target AUC24 to MIC ratio of over 400 µg•h /ml is higher in the group of patients with Ctrough = 10–15 µg /ml. Our findings confirm that the use of MM in postoperative patients with renal dysfunction is limited and therapeutic drug monitoring should be used instead.
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Mechanisms of nephrosclerosis development in children with vesicoureteral reflux
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01.01.2018 |
Morozova O.
Litvitskiy P.
Morozov D.
Maltseva L.
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Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk |
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0 |
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© 2018 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved. The review discusses the issue of reflux nephropathy for specialists of the system of higher medical education: the article provides the definition, characterizes the epidemiology, risk factors for disease development in children with vesicoureteral reflux, causes and molecular mechanisms of renal fibrosis formation and progression in reflux nephropathy, markers for diagnosing and predicting the disease course.
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Mechanisms of nephrosclerosis development in children with vesicoureteral reflux
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01.01.2018 |
Morozova O.
Litvitskiy P.
Morozov D.
Maltseva L.
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Voprosy Sovremennoi Pediatrii - Current Pediatrics |
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0 |
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© 2018 Publishing House of the Union of Pediatricians. All rights reserved. The lecture discusses the issue of reflux nephropathy for specialists of the system of higher medical education: the article provides the definition, characterizes the epidemiology, risk factors for disease development in children with vesicoureteral reflux, causes and molecular mechanisms of renal fibrosis formation and progression in reflux nephropathy, and markers for diagnosing and predicting the disease course. In order to control the retention of the lecture material, the text includes case problems and multiple-choice tests.
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Expediency and prospects of a vaccinal prevention of whooping cough without age restrictions
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01.01.2018 |
Mikheeva I.
Saltykova T.
Mikheeva M.
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Jurnal Infektologii |
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0 |
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2019 © Interregional public organization Association of infectious disease specialists of Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region (IPO AIDSSPbR). All Rights Reserved. The goal of study was the epidemiological substantiation of optimization measures of a vaccinal prevention of whooping cough in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The retrospective descriptive epidemiological research has been conducted by analysis of the official statistical data on the whooping cough case rate (form No. 2) in 2005-2017 in the Russian Federation, as well as the data about preventive whooping cough inoculations (forms No. 5, No. 6) in 2005-2017 and about epidemic outbreakes in 2017 (form No. 23-17). The assessment of an economic damage from whooping cough in 2005-2017 has been carried out. Results. The following adverse characteristics of a modern epidemiological situation on whooping cough in Russia are shown: long-term recurrence of epidemic process, tendency of rising of a case rate of children of 0-2 years; high percentage of children of preschool and school age among whooping cough cases; prevalence among the patients with whooping cough of the children who have been vaccinated against this infection previously, epidemic outbreakes in children's collectives, the stability of a case rate of teenagers and adults with prevalence of the mild and the erased clinical forms of this infection. The risks due to weaknesses of the whooping cough vaccinal prevention are noted: the insufficient immunization coverage owing to falce contraindications and refusals of parents of vaccinations of children, noncompliance with terms and intervals between inoculations, lack of domestic vaccine for revaccination of children at the age of 5 years and older. Conclusion. It is necessary to introduce in the national vaccination schedule a preschool booster dose for children at the age of 6 and adolescents at 14 years with the combined reduced antigen content tetanus-diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccines as well as the inoculations of this vaccine according to epidemiological indications to health workers, employees of educational institutions. A revaccination against whooping cough is recommended as “cocoon” for the persons contacting to not vaccinated child under 1 year of age.
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A role of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of neurological and mental diseases
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01.01.2018 |
Pirozhkov S.
Terebilina N.
Litvitskiy P.
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Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psihiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova |
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0 |
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© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Inflammasomes are macromolecular complexes that contain many copies of receptors recognizing molecular patterns of pathogenic agents (PAMP) and damage-associated structures (DAMP), and also include molecules of adapter protein ASC and procaspase- 1. Activation of inflammasomes leads to the formation of active caspase-1 that, in turn, provides the maturation of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 to IL-1β and IL-18. The latter cytokines play an important role in control of neuroinlfammation in the central nervous system contributing to the pathogenesis of a series of neurological, neurodegenerative and mental disorders. The review discusses the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and other their types in the development of the traumatic brain injury, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, brain tumors, CNS infections, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depressiver, and consequences of alcohol abuse. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways controlled by inflammasomes will allow the development of new therapeutic measures for diseases, in which neuroinflammation plays a leading pathogenetic role.
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Modern approaches to the diagnosis of head injury
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01.01.2018 |
Likhterman L.
Kravchuk A.
Okhlopkov V.
Lichterman B.
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Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psihiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova |
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0 |
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© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. The diagnosis of head injury should be based on certain principles. Each of them is important and has its own history. The authors summarize the experience of treatment of head injury using clinical and neuroimaging methods at the NN Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute (now the NN Burdenko National Research Center for Neurosurgery) for more than 30 years. The following principles of diagnosis of head injury were suggested and tested in clinical practice: severity of patient’s state; clinical syndromes; topical diagnosis; neuroimaging; phasicity; age-related approach; data synthesis; sufficiency; individual approach. Taken together, these principles provide complete personalized diagnosis and prognosis which allow choosing an optimal management of the patient. The strategy for better diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of head injury is the combined use of clinical, neuroimaging and ethical approaches.
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Radiology of postoperative period in patients with orbital trauma
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01.01.2018 |
Pavlova O.
Serova N.
Davydov D.
Shilova M.
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Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology |
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© 2018 Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology.All right reserved. Purpose: To assess the possibilities of radiology diagnostics in patients with orbital trauma in postoperative period. Materials and methods: From 2015 to 2018 years in the clinic of Sechenov University 72 patients (100%) with traumatic injuries were examined. All patients (n = 72, 100%) were diagnosed with orbital trauma. After the admission all patients (n = 72, 100%) underwent multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) before and after the operation using Toshiba Aquilion One 640 modality, volume mode, slice thickness - 0.5 mm, bone and soft tissue reconstruction. Results: According to MSCT data in postoperative period with orbital volumes were reconstructed and symmetrical compared to the other side in 48 patients (64%). In 24 cases (33%) orbital volumes weren't reconstructed with remaining prolapse of orbital soft tissue structures in the maxillary sinus through the inferior orbital wall defect. Insufficient implantation of the inferior orbital wall prosthesis occurred in 7 patients (10%). Conclusion: MSCT is a method of choice in examining the patients with injuries of the midface. Computed tomography allows detailed determination of performed surgical treatment, to reveal the risk of postoperative complications and assess the dynamic of a patient in late periods.
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