Репозиторий Университета

© 2019 The Author(s). Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity has become a pandemic problem, and dietary patterns are one of the important factors causing obesity. Although the correlation between dietary patterns and obesity has been well explored, the gender difference on the association between dietary patterns and obesity remains unclear. The objective of this study examined whether gender difference existed in the relationship of dietary patterns with metabolic parameters and specific indices of adiposity among young and middle-aged adults with dyslipidemia and abnormal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in Taiwan. Methods: A total of 14,087 subjects aged between 20 and 50 years with dyslipidemia and abnormal FPG were recruited in Taiwan between 2001 and 2010 for a cross-sectional study. Dyslipidemia was defined primarily according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines with minor modification. Abnormal FPG level was defined by the American Diabetes Association. Principal component analysis was conducted to identify dietary patterns. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of dietary patterns and metabolic parameters with different indices of adiposity including general obesity, central obesity, and high body fat, stratified by gender. Results: Two dietary patterns derived from principal component analysis were the prudent dietary pattern and the western dietary pattern. Both men and women in the highest quartile of the western dietary pattern had a significantly increased odds ratio of general obesity, central obesity, and high body fat. However, only male subjects in the higher quartiles of the prudent dietary pattern had a significantly decreased odds ratio of all indices of obesity. Both men and women with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels had a significantly reduced odds ratio of general and central obesity, while those with higher triglycerides and FPG levels had a significantly increased odds ratio of general and central obesity. Higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly associated with an elevated odds ratio of high body fat, while higher total cholesterol level was significantly correlated with a reduced odds ratio of high body fat only in women. Conclusions: Gender difference exists in the association of dietary patterns and metabolic parameters with obesity and body fat in young and middle-aged adults with dyslipidemia and abnormal FPG in Taiwan.

In recent years scientists actively study the influence of domestic violence on psychological status and occurrence of mental disorders in women and girls. Psychological, physical, sexual and other types of violence are distinguished, the consequences of which are studied in many countries under the auspices of WHO. In international studies the serious consequences of domestic violence for women are investigated. It was found out that women develop stressful disorders, depression and dependence on psychoactive substances. Negative influence of domestic violence at girls is expressed in formation of behavioral disorders, violations of sexual development, suicidal trends. At analysis of consequences of domestic violence by WHO was developed the concept of "cycle of violence" and cruelty inside family when in process of long influence of psychological traumatic factors at women and girls aggressive actions occurred so that victim and aggressor changed places. The objective of the study was to analyze the current state of the problem on the basis of the literature data, to study the data on the consequences of domestic violence and cruelty against women and girls, to identify gender-specific violations.

Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Purpose of review More than 30 years ago, the first molecular structures of allergens were elucidated and defined recombinant allergens became available. We review the state of the art regarding molecular AIT with the goal to understand why progress in this field has been slow, although there is huge potential for treatment and allergen-specific prevention. Recent findings On the basis of allergen structures, several AIT strategies have been developed and were advanced into clinical evaluation. In clinical AIT trials, promising results were obtained with recombinant and synthetic allergen derivatives inducing allergen-specific IgG antibodies, which interfered with allergen recognition by IgE whereas clinical efficacy could not yet be demonstrated for approaches targeting only allergen-specific T-cell responses. Available data suggest that molecular AIT strategies have many advantages over allergen extract-based AIT. Summary Clinical studies indicate that recombinant allergen-based AIT vaccines, which are superior to existing allergen extract-based AIT can be developed for respiratory, food and venom allergy. Allergen-specific preventive strategies based on recombinant allergen-based vaccine approaches and induction of T-cell tolerance are on the horizon and hold promise that allergy can be prevented. However, progress is limited by lack of resources needed for clinical studies, which are necessary for the development of these innovative strategies.

© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor  &  Francis Group. Children growth and development may be affected by metal exposure. The objective of the present study was to investigate the interactive effects of age and gender on children hair toxic metal levels in urban environment of two Russian cities. A total of 2021 children living in Moscow and Novosibirsk aged 1–18 years old were examined. Hair Al, As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb and Sn levels were assessed using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry in dynamic reaction cell mode. Children from Novosibirsk were characterised by higher hair Al (37%), As (385%), Cd (127%), Hg (11%), Ni (23%), Pb (72%) and Sn (25%) in comparison to Moscow values. In the general cohort, boys had higher Al (13%), As (51%), Cd (65%), Pb (63%) and Sn (18%) levels, whereas hair Ni was higher in girls (17%). Further analysis demonstrated age-specific gender differences. In particular, only hair Ni and Cd levels were higher in male toddlers and pre-schoolers from Novosibirsk as compared to females. No gender difference was detected in Moscow. Maximal gender differences in hair metal levels were detected in adolescents for both locations. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) reference values for all groups were also calculated. The overall reference limits for the studied children population were Al (1.335–3.340 µg/g), As (0.021–0.384 µg/g), Cd (0.000–1.389 µg/g), Hg (0.024–0.722 µg/g), Ni (0.076–0.701 µg/g), Pb (0.050–1.490 µg/g) and Sn (0.070–1.026 µg/g). Two-way ANOVA demonstrated significant effects of age, gender and age*gender interaction on hair metals in both cities. At the same time, the age-specific changes in hair metal content were more expressed in children from Novosibirsk, being exposed to higher metal pollution. The obtained data demonstrate that age, gender as well as the particular rate of pollution in each location should be taken into account during interpretation of hair test results.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group.All rights reserved.  Contribution of diseases of the circulatory system to total mortality of the population remains high. Therefore it is necessary to study factors with most substantial impact on regional morbidity and mortality for elaboration of targeted programs of preventive measures aimed at definite population groups. Purpose of this study was to perform analysis of differences of mortality from cardiovascular diseases (VVD) of Moscow region inhabitants of various gender and age. Materials and methods. Data on 2016 mortality of Federal Service of State Statistics (Rosstat) and territorial service of state statistics of the Moscow Region were used in this analysis. Analysis was conducted for men and women divided in age groups ≤50, 50-59, 60-69, and ≥50 years. Diseases were classified in accordance with 10 th Revision of International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD10). Results. Population of the Moscow Region territory on January 1, 2016, amounted 7 318 647 (men 46.2, women 53.8%, persons of working age 58.9%). Contribution in the mortality structure of chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebro-vascular diseases in women was greater than in men (80 vs. 68%, respectively, р<0.0001). Contribution of acute IHD, IHD unrelated heart diseases, and vascular diseases in men was significantly greater than in women (30 vs. 18%, respectively, р<0.0001). In the age group over working age mortality indexes were substantially higher compared with those in working age. In men these indexes became 10-20 times while in women - 30-130 times higher. Conclusion. Despite positive dynamics of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system (45.3% lowering from 2008 to 2016) it is necessary to strengthen efforts directed to correction risk factors of IHD and implementation of timely diagnostics and correction of IHD unrelated diseases.

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Objective. To study clinical characteristics of depression in women and men. Material and methods. One hundred and twenty women, aged from 18 to 65 years, and 67 age-matched men with the diagnosis of recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) (ICD-10 F33) were examined using a specially developed survey. Results. Differences in the clinical picture and course of RDD in women and men were found. RDD in women develops at an earlier age, the number of attacks is greater but remissions are longer. However, complete remission is achieved more frequently in men. Most typical effect in the structure of depression in women is anxiety whereas melancholy prevails in men. Daily mood fluctuations and suicidal thoughts are characteristic of women. Motor retardation and decreased motivation are more frequent in men. Ideas of self-blame, avoidance of contacts with other people, adynamia, persistent sense of fatigue are more common in women. Sleep disorders are equally common in men and women but falling asleep disturbance and lack of sleep feeling are more common in women. Somatic symptoms of depression are generally more common in men as well as concomitant diseases of cardiovascular, respiratory and genitourinary systems. Men are more likely to abuse alcohol and other psychoactive substances. Conclusion. The identified characteristics of depression in women and men allow more accurate diagnosis and treatment recommendations.

In a study of 537 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (MS) depending on age and gender, it was found that the increase of TNF-α and IL-6 in the content of periodontal pockets correlated with the severity of chronic generalized periodontitis and MS. For these cytokines, there was a clear gender relationship: women had higher levels in periodontal pocket content than men. For IL-1β and IL-4 cytokines, there is no coupling between the severity of the damage and the level of cytokines in the periodontal pocket. The developed model for calculating the risk of chronic generalized periodontitis depending on the level of TNF-α in the patient's periodontal pockets allows predicting and monitoring the dynamics of the disease.

© Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved. Objective: to study the clinical features of depression in women compared with men. Patients and methods. 120 women aged 18-65 years with recurrent depressive disorder (RDD; ICI-10 F33) (a study group) and 67 men of the same age with RDD (a control group) were clinically examined using a specially designed schedule and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale. Results. The clinical picture and the course of RDD have gender differences. The earlier onset of the disease in women with a large number of depressive attacks and lower quality remissions is due to the relationship and mutual influence of menstrual and reproductive function and depression. Such typical symptoms of endogenous depression, as slow thinking, anhedony, decreased sleep duration and early morning awakenings, as well as diurnal swings of mood with its deterioration in the morning, were characteristic for most women and men. The pattern of depression in women is more commonly characterized by anxiety; ideas of self-accusation; suicidal thoughts; avoidance of contacts with others; weakness; fatigue; decreased or increased appetite; sleep onset insomnia; lack of sleep feeling. That in men is more often marked by symptoms, such as melancholy; motor retardation; decreased motivation; somatic symptoms of depression (tachycardia, constipation); comorbid panic attacks; and concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory and genitourinary systems. Men more frequently abuse alcohol and other psychoactive substances. Conclusion. The revealed features of depression in women and men will be able to more accurately diagnose and to prescribe adequate therapy.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Stroke is now one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, in this connection, various programs are being implemented to prevention this disease and to improve diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Female gender is a proven unmodifiable risk factor for stroke. Objective - to analyze literature data on the risk factors of stroke in women and to identify the epidemiological features of the disease in women in the Tyumen Region. Material and methods. To achieve literature was sought in the databases Pubmed and Library the 2007 - 2016 statistical materials of the Healthcare Department of the Tyumen Region were used. Results. The review of the literature demonstrated significant differences in the epidemiological parameters of stroke and analyzed in detail its age-related characteristics in women, the possible biological mechanisms of differences, and the role of hormone replacement therapy. The authors' own study did not reveal a higher incidence of stroke in women than that in men even in the oldest age groups. Conclusion. For personalized stroke prevention and treatment, there is a need for further investigations with a thorough analysis of the burden of gender-related risk factors.

© 2018 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved. The purpose of the study was to investigate gender features of abnormalities of blood serum lipid composition and their relationship with clinical and functional manifestations in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study covered patients with CKD at pre-dialysis stage of disease, aged 17-71 years (average age 37.3±13.0 years). All patients underwent complex clinical and laboratory examination. Depending on gender, the sample (n = 417) was divided into 2 groups: group I - males (n = 277) and group II-females (n = 140). Blood sampling was implemented using venipuncture of ulnar vein after 12-14 hours of fasting in morning time. The lipid analysis of blood serum was performed using the auto-analyzer "Respons 920" (Germany), including detection of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). The atherogenic index (AI) was calculated according formula: AI = (TC - HDL-C)/HDL-C. At analysis of the results of lipidogram, the levels of TC (hypercholesterolemia), LDL-C (hyper-beta-cholesterolemia) and TG (hypertriglyceridemia) were considered as increased when their values were ≥5.0 mmol/L, ≥3.0 mmol/L and > 1.7 mmol/L respectively. The level of HDL cholesterol (hypo-alpha-cholesterolemia) was considered as decreased when its concentration was ≤1.0 mmol/L in males and ≤1.2 mmol/L in females. In the group of male patients, hypo-alpha-cholesterolemia was detected in 135 patients (48.7%), hypertriglyceridemia - in 162 (58.4%), and average value of atherogenic index was significantly higher - 3.49 (2.43-5.08) as compared with 3.12 (2.12-3.74) in female patients (p=0.001). The laboratory signs of anemia were significantly more frequent in group of females - 53 (37.8%) as compared with 63 (22.7%) than in males (p = 0.001). In males, average values of HDL cholesterol and total serum protein were significantly lower (1.07 ± 0.44 mmol/L vs. 1.23 ± 0.42, p = 0.000 and 53.3 ± 14.6 g/L vs. 57.4 ± 11.9 g/L. p = 0.007, respectively. The levels of TG - 1.92 (1.23-2.74) mmol/L vs. 1.85 (1.04-2.37);p = 0.034], sodium (140.3 ± 6.20 mmol/L vs. 138.3 ± 6.01 mmol/L, p = 0.010) and uric acid in blood serum were significantly higher (0.38 ± 0,09 mmol/L vs. 0.34 ± 0.01 mmol/L, p = 0.003) as compared with females. In the group II (females), a noticeable slowing of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - 68,4 (43,6-98,1) ml/min vs. 87,6 (55,0-117,6) ml/min; (p = 0.001) was detected as compared with group I (males). Among male patients, a reliably significant positive relationship was established between TC and BMI, level of diastolic blood pressure and proteinuria; LDL cholesterol level and proteinuria; concentration of TG - and BMI, level of diastolic blood pressure and level of proteinuria. No correlation was established between the concentration of HDL-cholesterol and aforementioned laboratory markers of CKD. In contrast with males, in females, TC demonstrated an inverse relationship with the concentration of Hb, values of GFR and proteinuria, and level of HDL cholesterol - with indices of BMI, thrombocytes and uric acid of blood serum. In females a positive relationship was established between LDL cholesterol and level of diastolic blood pressure, GFR and daily proteinuria, and also between concentration of serum TG and volume of daily proteinuria and BMI. In general group, a reliable positive relationship was detected between TC and BMI and proteinuria, between LDL-C level and proteinuria, and between TG concentration and BMI, level of diastolic blood pressure, sodium content and proteinuria. The negative relationship was established between concentration of HDL cholesterol and BMI and uric acid in blood plasma, and TG level with Hb concentration. In male patients with CKD at pre-dialysis stage of disease, decreasing of level of HDL cholesterol was established as an increased concentration of TG and increasing atherogenic index. The content of triglyceride of blood serum is closely related to body mass index, level of diastolic blood pressure and proteinuria. In females, slowing of glomerular filtration rate is accompanied by development of anemia and atherogenic dyslipidemia.