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First Department of Surgery was founded in St. Petersburg Medico-hirurgiches¬koy Academy in 1865 NI Pirogov.
\n Contemporary NI Pirogov was FI Foreigners (1802-1869) - the first director of the faculty of the University Surgical Clinic Moskov¬skogo. It is in the period of the FI Inozemtsev in the department of practical hirur¬gii was isolated independent course operativ¬noy surgery with topographic anatomy. So¬glasno Charter of Russian universities, prinya¬tomu in 1863 .. Moscow University found neob¬hodimym organize the department of operative surgery with hi¬rurgii (topographic) and anato¬miey desmurgy.
\n Department of Surgery and Anatomy topografi¬cheskoy Mos¬kovskogo Medical Faculty of the University was established in 1868 Per¬vym head of this department was Alexander Petrovich heyday (1825-1902). AP Heyday took an active part in the opening of the monument to NI Pirogov (in August 1897) opposite klini¬ki of Surgery, headed at the time by Alexander Alekseevich Bobrov.
\n In 1876, the department became the head talantli¬vy surgeon and educator, NV Vorontsov. Napi¬sannoe them "Manual of Surgery" (1876) reflects the level of development of the world and ros¬siyskoy surgery in the 70s of XIX century. and it contains a description of some of the original operations in chastnos¬ti plastic closure of the cleft palate.
\n In 1885 he was elected head of the department Alexander Alekseevich Bobrov (1850-1904) - vy¬dayuschiysya topografoanatom surgeon, an active follower of NI Pirogov. AA Bobrov by¬la compiled a new program of teaching operator-porate surgery and topographic anatomy. The first topographic anatomy was pred¬stavlena as a whole course. Through his usi¬liyam in 1891, the department received a room in the new building on the Virgin's Field with kafed¬rami Pathological Anatomy and Forensic medi¬tsiny. At the Department of the museum, equipped with training facilities was created.
\n AA Bobrov left a deep mark in the world of surgery and otechest¬vennoy topografoanatom as the experimenter and the clinician. He made one of per¬vyh osteoplastic craniotomy, experimentally substantiated and brought to the cus-cal practice a new method of dealing with the shock, has developed a technique imposing deaf seam at echinococcectomy parenchymal organs, vi¬doizmenil and anatomic-physiologically sound method of hernia repair of inguinal hernias . AA Beavers - author of "The Course of operative surgery and topografi¬cheskoy Anatomy" (1886) and "Guidance on hirur¬gicheskoy Anatomy" (1892). Wonderful surgeon practices, AA Bobrov ope¬rativnoy paid much attention to surgery and topographic anatomy and aggressively promoted the thesis: "The way to the clinic to be hirur¬gicheskuyu anatomiches¬ky through theater, and the surgeon-clinician, not the last anatomical school, can not be at the height of his calling."
\n In 1893, AA Bobrov fakul¬tetskoy became the head of the surgical clinic of Moscow University instead passed into Peterburg¬sky Eleninskaya Institute of Postgraduate Medical Nikolai Sklifosovsky. While serving as head of the department was his disciple and follower of Peter Ivanovich Deacons (1855- 1908).
\n PI Deacons created a large school topografoanatomov and Surgeons, which included such well-known scientists as FA Raine, N. Lysenko, N. Napalkov, AP Gubarev and others. At this time, the Department of the museum was replenished plenty kolichest¬vom topografoanatomicheskih drugs. In mno¬gom this was done due to the developed NK Lysenkov original method sohra¬neniya anatomical specimens in pairs konser¬viruyuschih substances, resulting in a preserved color and texture of fabrics. Various methods of preparing topografoanatomicheskih prepara¬tov have been described in the "Quick Start Guide to pri¬gotovleniyu preparations for topographic ana¬tomii" (1895). These methods are used in nastoya¬schee time. Edited by P. Dyakonova napi¬san also "Lectures on topographic ana¬tomii and Operative Surgery" in 2 volumes. At the same time the department was created eksperimen¬talnoe office, which conducted prakti¬cheskie classes with students.
\n AA Bobrov and PI Deacons have ogrom¬noe influence on the development of operative surgery and topographic anatomy, in which they propa¬gandirovali clinical course, associated with the operational techniques and pato¬logicheskimi physiological processes.
\n PI Deacons founded the "Surgery" magazine, in which he was helped AP Chekhov, with whom PI Dyako¬nov was friendly. Subsequently, AP Chekhov na¬pravlyali each new issue of the magazine.
\n Since 1902, the department was headed by student PI Dya¬konova Fyodor Rhine prodolzhiv¬shy work on equipping the department. In 1911, he and a group of professors resigned in protest against the tyranny of the king mini¬stra education LA Casso.
\n From 1911 to 1915 he headed the department profes¬sor Venglovsky, and from 1915 to 1917 - Professor AV Stark, known for his works on the topography fundamentalny¬mi fascia pelvis, rectum, and others.
\n After the revolution, FA Rain returned to ka¬fedru, which was led until 1919. He was pro¬vedena a lot of work to restore kafed¬ry and organization of educational process.
\n After the election of FA Reina dean II Mos¬kovskogo Medical Institute in 1919 zavedu¬yuschim the Department of Surgery and Anatomy topogra¬ficheskoy was elected Peter Aleksandro¬vich Herzen Alice Sprengel (1871-1947), grandson of the Democrat and revo¬lyutsionera, scientist and writer AI Herzen. PA Herzen revised program to operativ¬noy surgery, the basis of which was laid physiological rationale used chi-rurgicheskih treatments. PA Herzen became os¬novopolozhnikom Russian oncology, it is named ime¬nem issledovatel¬sky Moscow Scientific Institute of Oncology.
\n In 1923, in connection with the election of PA Herzen za¬veduyuschim department of general surgery department of ope¬rativnoy surgery and topographic anatomy headed by Professor Nikolay Burdenko (1876-1946). The department has been restored ex-experimental branch, which carried out not only scientific work, but also with studen¬tami classes were purchased modern hi¬rurgicheskih sets of tools and equipment, rentge¬novsky apparatus. In 1927 NN Burdenko went to the department of Surgery, which he headed until his death. Along with this he osno¬val and became the first director of the Institute neyrohi¬rurgii that bears his name. During the Great Patriotic War N. Burdenko, as chief surgeon of the Soviet Army, ucha¬stvoval actively in the organization of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR and was its first president.
\n While serving as head of the department of operative surgery and topographic anatomy of NN Bur¬denko in 1927 was replaced by Pavel Obrosov (1880-1938), one of the organizers of Soviet public health and higher medical school, a major surgeon, scientist, educator and social activist. At the same time he was the first direkto¬rom Research Institute of Emergency Care. NV Sklifosovsky. During rabo¬ty at the Department of PN Obrosova were created fun-damental works on surgery: "Surgery ple¬chevogo belt" (1930), "Surgical diseases of the genitourinary system" (1936). Under his rukovodst¬vom written the textbook "Private surgery" in 3 volumes.
\n From 1938 to 1947 the department was headed one of PN students Obrosova - Professor Isaac Solomonovich Zhorov (1903-1976), who went later to head the Department of Surgery of the 2nd Medical Faculty. During these years the department staff studied the problems of collateral circulation and the development of methods neingalyatsionnyh anesthesia.
\n In 1947, the head of the department was elected student PN Obrosova and NN Burdenko Professor Vladimir Kovanov (1909-1994) - a veteran of World War II, zaslu¬zhenny Scientist of the RSFSR, Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences, USSR State Prize Laureate.
\n With all the variety of research VV Kovanova pretty soon decided on two main lines of research conducted at the Department: surgical anato¬miya arteries and experimental development pro¬blem cardiovascular surgery and the study of "soft core" of the body - fascia and cellular spaces. Experience of military surgery in the fight against bleeding in wounds magi¬stralnyh vessels acquired during Veli¬koy Patriotic War, formed the basis of anatomical and experimental studies kollateralno¬go circulation in artery ligation (TI Anikina, MP Vilyansky et al.). Odnovre¬menno surgical anato¬miya arteries studied in detail (AA Travin, TB Boguslavskaia, PA Romanov et al.). The results of these are summarized in the monograph is¬sledovany VV Kovano¬va and TI Anikina "Surgical anatomy of human ar¬tery" (1974).
\n In parallel with these studies provo¬dilos topografoanatomicheskoe and eksperimen¬talnoe study heart surgery and sosu¬dah. MI Perelman and NB Dobrova described the original access to the ductus arteriosus (1949), VP Demikhova experimentally studied various models of heart transplantation (1950-1953). GM Soloviev (1955) developed a modification of the original cuff vascular suture, VI Shumakov (1959) in an experiment - technique of surgical correction of mitral regurgitation. The department was working out eksperimen¬talnaya technology overlay mehaniches¬kogo joint receptacle (N. Petrova). And under the guidance in the further the over the years VV Kovanova conducted experimental studies on the development of joint vessels of small caliber, art artery bypass prime¬neniyu different materials for angioplasty (BA Konstantinov, IA Sychenikov, A3. Troshin, AV Nikolaev and others. ).
\n Research for the Study of autogen¬noy oxygenation in artificial krovoobra¬schenii and experimental substantiation opera¬tsy heart carried members of the department EG Falkowski, LA Tushmalova, ID Andreev, LA Bokeria.
\n No less important for the surgery was pro¬dolzhenie and deepening teachings NI Pirogov and IP Matyushenkova of the surgical anatomy of fascia and cellular spaces. VV Kovanova, his students and colleagues created tsel¬noe idea of ​​a soft skeleton of the human body, studied the morphogenesis of its constituent kompo¬nentov, practical recommendations for specialists in contaminated surgery. Widely known names fastsiologov working under py Mandership VV Kovanova: This TI Anikina, AP Sorokin, ID Kirpatovsky, NN Aryamkina, LB Simonova, MA Shaferman et al.
\n In the monograph "Surgical anatomy and cellular spaces fas¬tsy man" V. Kovanova and TI Anikina (1961, 1967), ot¬mechennoy 1972 Prize of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. VN Shevkunenko, numerous drawings and fo¬tografii drugs show the topography of the fascia and cellular spaces, gaps and crevices, as well as the connection between a fiber so¬sednih area that is of great importance for clinical practice.
\n For many years at the Department of razrabatyva¬los another important trend in applied anatomy - the doctrine of the external and internal anatomy ori¬entirah projection. The result was the creation of a two-volume guide VV Kovanova and AA Travin "Surgical anatomy of human konechno¬stey" published in 1963-1965 gg. and pere¬izdannogo in 1983. This guide deystvi¬telno unique. Hundreds of beautifully made colored drawings from the original products provide a complete picture of the topography of all areas of the limbs. Excellent issued guidance that has received many diplomas in our country and abroad, - Handbook topografoanatomov and surgeons rabotayu¬schih especially in the field of traumatology and orthopedics.
\n development has proved very fruitful one more problem, which began under the leadership of BV Kovanova - the problem of creating and primene¬niya medical supplies collagen-based biopolymer. Developing it was launched in 1962, the department staff (Hilkin AM, AF Dronov et al.), And later, in 1969, at the Department of Laboratory for the Study and Application of collagen was established in medicine under the supervision of student VV Kovanova - professo¬ra IA Sychenikova. The result of years of research has become a new trend in plastiches¬koy surgery - kollagenoplastika. For this problem written three monographs: "Collagen and its application in Medicine" (1971) "Kollagenoplastika in Medicine" (1976) "The seam arteries and plastics" (1980). Priority scientific research protected by more than 30 copyright certificates on inventions and patents. In all this, the students credit for VV Kovanova - IA Sychenikova. AV Ni¬kolaeva, RK Aboyantsa, LP Istranova, AB Schechter, TG Rudenko, LA Belova, AM Shestakova, VA Arutyunova, SV Pankratova, and others.
\n A notable phenomenon in surgery was the work of VV students Kovanova on visceroptosis, razra¬botke new access to the organs of the mediastinum and microsurgical techniques, brain protection from ischemia (PA Romanov SS Dydykin, VI Telpuhov et al.).
\n The department was developed and comprehensively izu¬chen method of preservation of bone tissue in a weak solution of formaldehyde (VD Rozwadowski). Kon¬servirovannye bone transplan¬taty thus been used in various clinics to perform more than 8 th. Transactions.
\n School VV Kovanova - is not only scientific research, monographs, dissertations and articles of his students. This and several "generations" meto¬dicheskih development for students and prepodavate¬ley, and written by him together with YM Bomash "Practical Guide to topographic anatomy" (1960, 1966), and "Practical rukovod¬stvo on operative surgery for students sub¬ordinatorov" (1971), and a series of lectures, opublikovan¬ny in 1972. And finally, the result of long-term work of the department staff under the direction of VV Kovanova - textbook on operational hirur¬gii and topographic anatomy (1978, 1985, 1995, 2001). This tutorial, which reflected all the achievements of the school topografoanatomicheskoy VV Kovanova, illustrated with beautiful color drawings, was the best textbook on the subject. They are used by students and pre¬podavateli not only in Russia, but in all the republics of the Soviet Union byv¬shih. In 1987 VV Kovanov and his co-authors of this textbook was awarded the State Prize.
\n School VV Kovanova - this is the most prominent representatives of modern surgery, rukovodya¬schie largest clinical centers Ros¬sii, Academician LA Bokeria, BA Kon¬stantinov, MI Perelman, GM Solovyev, VI Shumakov. Many of the students VV Kovanova at various times headed or head-RHR corresponding faculty in various universities of the country (ID Kirpatovsky, AP Sorokin, Konevsky AG, IP Protasiewicz, TF Lavrov, IA Sychenikov, P. Romanov, ED Smirnova et al.).
\n From 1988 to 2013, head of the department of operative hi¬rurgii and topographic anatomy of the First MGMU them. THEM. Sechenov was a student VV Kovanova Professor AV Nikolaev.
\nFrom 2013 to the present time the department of operative hi¬rurgii and \ntopographic anatomy of the First MGMU them. THEM. \nSechenov charge of MD, Professor Sergey Dydykin