КАФЕДРА НОРМАЛЬНОЙ ФИЗИОЛОГИИ ИНСТИТУТА КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ им. Н.В. СКЛИФОСОВСКОГО
Кафедра нормальной физиологии ведет свою историю с 1776 года, когда профессором
С 1891 по 1901 годы кафедру возглавлял Иван Михайлович Сеченов. При
В 1955 году кафедру возглавил ученик
Обширный научный коллектив, сложившийся за годы
В настоящее время на кафедре продолжается развитие теории функциональных систем
Department of Physiology
Umryukhin Alexey
M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc.
Chair of the Department of Physiology
125009 Mokhovaya Str., 111-4, Moscow, Russia
DEPARTMENT OF NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY, INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL MEDICINE named after N.V. SKLIFOSOVSKY
The Department of Normal Physiology traces its history back to 1776, when Professor S. G. Zybelin began teaching human physiology at the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow University. From the very outset, physiology was taught as an experimental science: lectures were accompanied by demonstrations of experiments on animals. The physiologists who headed the department — A. M. Filomafitsky (1836–1849), A. I. Babukhin (1865–1869), I. M. Sechenov (1891–1901), P. K. Anokhin (1955–1974), K. V. Sudakov (1974–2013), and others — placed particular emphasis on the crucial role of visual demonstration of physiological patterns in practical scientific laboratories during the teaching of physiology. Throughout its long history, the department has become not only the cradle of fundamental medical education but also a center for the development of physiology as a science. The outstanding physiologists who headed the department at different stages of its development formed large research-and-teaching teams that addressed advanced scientific and practical problems in the field of physiology. A number of scientific schools in physiology have been established at the department.
From 1891 to 1901, the department was headed by Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov. Under I. M. Sechenov, the department came to be informally known as the Physiological Institute. Sechenov’s ideas and discoveries laid the foundation for neurophysiology, labor physiology, extreme-state physiology, and other fields that actively developed later in the 20th century. Sechenov’s research made Russia a world center for the development of concepts on the mechanisms of brain function, which was subsequently reinforced by the work of I. P. Pavlov. M. N. Shaternikov, I. P. Razenkov, and V. V. Parin, who later headed the department, can be considered followers of I. M. Sechenov’s scientific school.
In 1955, the department was headed by Academician Pyotr Kuzmich Anokhin, a student of I. P. Pavlov and V. M. Bekhterev. In the mid-20th century, Anokhin laid the foundations of the systems approach in biology, which is now being actively developed in the fundamental life sciences. P. K. Anokhin developed the theory of functional systems, which encompasses the principles of life organization from molecular genetic processes to population and biosphere levels. A fundamentally new achievement in understanding the organization of vital processes was the concept of reverse afferentation introduced by P. K. Anokhin in 1935, which anticipated the emergence of the concept of feedback in cybernetics.
The extensive research team that formed during P. K. Anokhin’s years of research and teaching at the Department of Normal Physiology grew, under the leadership of Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Konstantin Viktorovich Sudakov, into a research-and-teaching complex comprising the department and the P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, established in 1974. Numerous staff members and students who developed the theory of functional systems under the guidance of K. V. Sudakov formed the established scientific physiological school of P. K. Anokhin–K. V. Sudakov. Outstanding followers of this scientific school include scientists and educators K. V. Anokhin, S. K. Sudakov, V. A. Shidlovsky, V. A. Makarov, S. I. Kashtanov, V. I. Badikov, and many others.
At present, the department continues to develop the theory of functional systems of P. K. Anokhin and K. V. Sudakov.
Department of Physiology
Umryukhin Alexey
M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc.
Chair of the Department of Physiology
125009 Mokhovaya Str., 111-4, Moscow, Russia