Репозиторий Университета

© 2020 Elsevier GmbH Background: The existing data demonstrate that alteration of trace element and mineral status in children with neurodevelopmental disorders including ASD and ADHD. However, comparative analysis of the specific patterns of trace element and mineral metabolism in children with ASD and ADHD was not performed. Therefore, the primary objective of the present study was to assess hair trace element and mineral levels in boys with ADHD, ASD, as well as ADHD with ASD. Methods: Boys with ADHD (n = 52), ASD (n = 53), both ADHD and ASD (n = 52), as well as neurotypical controls (n = 52) were examined. Hair analysis was performed using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Results: The obtained data demonstrate that hair Co, Mg, Mn, and V levels were significantly reduced in children with ADHD and ASD, and especially in boys with ADHD + ASD. Hair Zn was found to be reduced by 20% (p = 0.009) only in children with ADHD + ASD as compared to healthy controls. Factor analysis demonstrated that ASD was associated with significant alteration of hair Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, and V levels, whereas impaired hair Mg, Mn, and Zn content was also significantly associated with ADHD. In regression models hair Zn and Mg were negatively associated with severity of neurodevelopmental disorders. The revealed similarity of trace element and mineral disturbances in ASD and ADHD may be indicative of certain similar pathogenetic features. Conclusion: The obtained data support the hypothesis that trace elements and minerals, namely Mg, Mn, and Zn, may play a significant role in development of both ADHD and ASD. Improvement of Mg, Mn, and Zn status in children with ASD and ADHD may be considered as a nutritional strategy for improvement of neurodevelopmental disturbances, although clinical trials and experimental studies are highly required to support this hypothesis.

The acute stroke is one of leading causes of mortality and disability both in Russia Federation and worldwide. The specialized vascular centers and units proved to be effective in improving diagnostics, treatment and functional outcome inpatients in various countries. The purpose of article is to evaluate efficacy of regional vascular center (RVC) in Tyumen. The functioning of RVC in 2011-2017 was assessed using purposefully developed and implemented score card of medical care quality assessment in vascular centers. The epidemiological data for 2007-2017 was obtained from statistical materials of the Department of Health of Tyumen oblast. The epidemiological parameters were calculated both in absolute units by simple summing up of cases of illness and in relative units per number of population. It was established that all diagnostic and treatment procedures in RVC were implemented according actual medical standards. The significant increase of the percentage of patients hospitalized during first three hours after the onset of stroke symptoms was established. The patients receiving thrombolytic therapy was observed, with an improvement of functional status of patients upon discharge. The significant improvement of early diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in the service area of RVC was demonstrated. The development and implementation of the plan of a regional vascular center placement and stroke patient routing enabled optimization of medical care accessibility to this group of patients and increased identification of CVD.

© 2018 Radboud University Medical Center Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable and the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. In recent decades, it has been appreciated that in a substantial number of cases the disorder does not remit in puberty, but persists into adulthood. Both in childhood and adulthood, ADHD is characterised by substantial comorbidity including substance use, depression, anxiety, and accidents. However, course and symptoms of the disorder and the comorbidities may fluctuate and change over time, and even age of onset in childhood has recently been questioned. Available evidence to date is poor and largely inconsistent with regard to the predictors of persistence versus remittance. Likewise, the development of comorbid disorders cannot be foreseen early on, hampering preventive measures. These facts call for a lifespan perspective on ADHD from childhood to old age. In this selective review, we summarise current knowledge of the long-term course of ADHD, with an emphasis on clinical symptom and cognitive trajectories, treatment effects over the lifespan, and the development of comorbidities. Also, we summarise current knowledge and important unresolved issues on biological factors underlying different ADHD trajectories. We conclude that a severe lack of knowledge on lifespan aspects in ADHD still exists for nearly every aspect reviewed. We encourage large-scale research efforts to overcome those knowledge gaps through appropriately granular longitudinal studies.

The article considers actual national and international publications concerning problems of organization and characteristics of stomatological care support of patients with particular types of somatic pathology. The new approaches are analyzed concerning organization of efficient stomatological care of patients with various diseases.

© 2018 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. All rights reserved. Early detection of dorsopathies is an urgent task for primary care physicians, since such conditions can combine with other chronic noncommunicable diseases (NСD) and adversely affect the course all comorbidities, consequently disimproving the quality of life of patients and increasing the frequency of their requests for medical assistance. This study aimed to determine the value of routine checkups in the context of detection of dorsopathies, NCD, and identification of risk factors (RF). We have retrospectively analyzed the patient records database of a rural outpatient clinic in the Tver region (years 2015 to 2017). The prevalence of dorsopathies and NCD RF were the subjects investigated. Fisher's exact test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (SRCC) were applied for the purposes of statistical processing of the results. We discovered that dorsopathy most often was a comorbidity to arterial hypertension and gastrointestinal tract diseases; it was strongly related to the NCD (SRCC = 0.506), age (SRCC = 0.383), slightly less so - to hypodynamia (SRCC = 0.146), type of the patient's occupation (intellectual or physical labor) (SRCC = 0.07). Routine checkups improve the rate of detection of dorsopathy: the more patients undergo such examinations, the more cases of dorsopathy are diagnosed. Thus, it is necessary to increase the number of working people attending the checkups in order to detect dorsopathies early and prevent them effectively.

© 2018 National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation. All rights reserved. Relevance. Statistical indicators are the basis for planning of the organization of medical care for children with cancer, as well as analysis of the effectiveness of medical care. Materials and methods. The authors have analyzed operational reports for 2017 of the executive authorities in the field of health care of 18 objects of the Russian Federation being part of the Central Federal District. Results. There 9 pediatric oncology departments, there are 464 children’s oncological beds, the bed occupancy per year is 319.3. There are 91 doctors providing medical care to children with cancer, 64 (70.3%) of the doctors have a certificate of pediatric oncologist. In 11 subjects there are no Departments for Pediatric Oncology. There are 821 primary patients with malignant neoplasms. There are 156 deceased patients, 66 of them were diagnosed in 2017. 52 (6.3%) patients are revealed actively. There were 12 (per 100 thousand for the age group of 0–17 years) cases of incidence of malignant neoplasms, mortality is 2.3 (per 100 thousand for the age group of 0–17 years), one-year mortality is 8%. The average time taken to diagnose and to verify the diagnosis before the beginning of treatment remains unknown. Conclusion. Operational reports contain non-matching indicators, thus, the information is not completely reliable. Incidence rates are significantly lower than those in countries with high reliability of statistical data. The percentage of patients identified actively remains extremely low. In order to eliminate the noted defects, it is necessary to introduce a single database of children with cancer in the Russian Federation.

© 2018 Paediatrician Publishers, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Background. Improving the quality of medical care is based on a coordinated policy at the federal, regional and municipal levels in the field of health. The implementation of this goal is based on a regular assessment of the current state of the healthcare system in the Russian Federation. Objective. Our aim was to analyse of the main indicators characterizing medical care for children with cancer in the South Federal District. Methods. The operative reports for 2017 of the executive authorities in the sphere of health protection of 8 subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the South Federal District of the Russian Federation have been analyzed. Results. The number of children were 3 216 797 people (aged 0-17 years), the number of children's oncological beds is 272 (0.8 per 10 thousand children aged 0-17 years), the average number of days of berth employment in the year is 289.9 bed days. In 4 (50%) subjects of the department of pediatric oncology are absent, in 1 (12.5%) - there are no children's oncological beds. The number of doctors providing medical care to children with cancer is 50, of them 42 (84%, 0.1 per 10 thousand children aged 0-17 years) have a certificate of a pediatric oncologist. In 2 (25%) subjects, there are no pediatric oncologists. Incidence of malignant tumors was 13.9 (per 100,000 children aged 0-17 years), prevalence was 86.5 (per 100,000 children aged 0-17 years), mortality was 2.5 (per 100,000 children aged 0-17 years), a one-year mortality rate of 4.7%. 8% of patients were actively detected. 104 (23.2%) of primary patients were sent to medical organizations of federal subordination, 4 (0.9%) of primary patients left the territory of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The analysis revealed a number of defects: incorrect information contained in the reports, low incidence (detectability) of patients, including during planned preventive examinations, staff shortages and non-rational use of bed facilities.

© 2018 University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine. All Rights Reserved. Background. The analysis of the quality of medical care for children with cancer is based on statistical data. Evaluation of the results is also the basis of the strategy for the development of medical care for this category of patients. Objective. Our aim was to analysie the main indicators characterizing medical care for children with cancer in the North-Caucasian, Volga, Urals, Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. Methods. In ecological study the operative reports for 2017 of the executive authorities in the sphere of health protection of 44/48 (91.6%) subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the listed above federal districts have been analyzed (Chuvash Republic, Irkutsk Region, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Khabarovsk Territory did not provide data). Results. The number of children's population was 15 555 306 people (0-17 years), the number of children's oncological beds - 1166 (0.7 per 10 thousand 0-17 years), the average number of days of berth employment in the year - 324.6 bed days. In 13 (29.5%) subjects of the department of pediatric oncology are absent, in 6 (13.6%) - there are no children's oncological beds. The number of doctors providing medical care to children with cancer is 213, of which 132 (62%; 0.08 for 10 thousand 0-17 years) have a certificate of a pediatric oncologist. In 6 (13.6%) subjects there are no doctors-children oncologists (6 more (13.6%) subjects did not provide data). The incidence of malignant neoplasms was 13.1 (per 100.000 0-17 years), the prevalence of 93.1 (per 100.000 0-17 years), mortality rate 2.5 (per 100.000 0-17 years), one-year lethality - 6.8%. 10.1% of patients were actively detected. 781 (38.3%) of primary patients were sent to medical organizations for federal subordination, 39 (1.9%) of primary patients left the territory of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. Obvious accounting defects (low incidence rate) and lack of reliable follow-up data (estimation of mortality levels is difficult) are eliminated by introducing electronic accounting systems. For reliable estimation of the level of provision of the population with children's cancer beds and the percentage of patients sent for treatment in medical organizations of federal subordination, audit of patients' illnesses is necessary. The traditional problems - the deficiency of doctors and children's oncologists and a low percentage of patients identified actively - must be addressed through the reform of the training program for medical personnel.

© The authors team, 2018.All Rights Reserved. Due to its cardinal differences from the adult oncology the children's oncology takes a special place in the national cancer control program. The article analyzes up-to-date problems and suggests their solutions. It contains statistical indicators and a three-level model of medical care for children with cancer. The tasks of the national program stated in the article reflect the author's point of view and are to be further discussed.

© 2018 Paediatrician Publishers, LLC. All rights reserved. Background. Planning the management for medical care delivery for children with cancer, as well as analysis of the effectiveness of medical care delivery is based on the statistical indicators analysis. Objective. Our aim was to analyze the main indicators characterizing medical care delivery for children with cancer in the Central Federal District. Methods. The operative reports for 2017 provided by the executive health protection authorities of 18 subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the Central Federal District have been analyzed. Results. The study enrolled the following data: number of children was 6 824 049 (0–17 years), pediatric oncological departments — 9, pediatric oncological beds — 464, days of berth employment per year — 319.3. The number of practitioners providing medical care to children with cancer was 91, 64 (70.3%) of them had a certificate of training as a pediatric oncologist. In 11 subjects, the department of pediatric oncology was not available; one of the districts did not provide any pediatric oncological beds. The number of primary patients with malignant neoplasms was 821. The number of deceased patients was 156 including 66 identified in 2017. The incidence of malignant tumors was 12 (per 100 000 for the 0–17 age group), the mortality rate was 2.3 (per 100 thousand for the age group 0–17 years), one-year mortality rate — 8%. We failed to reveal the average time from diagnosis establishing till its validation before the treatment onset since the reports did not provide precise information on the point. 12 (1.5%) primary patients left for treatment abroad. Conclusion. Most reports included indicators which lack congruity with one another. The incidence rates were significantly lower than those in countries with high statistical reliability. The percentage of patients identified actively remained extremely low. To improve the revealed defects a single database of children with oncological diseases should be implemented in the Russian Federation.

© 2018 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved. Many physicians have difficulty managing patients with vertigo. Incorrect routine diagnoses are frequently made in patients with peripheral vestibulopathy, which makes therapy fail. Most cases of vestibular vertigo are caused by peripheral vestibular disorders (otolithiasis, hydrops, neuronitis). Rehabilitation maneuvers are effective in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional dizziness; salt-free diet, diuretics, and betahistine dihydrochloride are for Mnire's disease (syndrome); vestibular rehabilitation is for vestibular neuronitis. Betahistine dihydrochloride is most effective among all the medicines used in different causes of vestibular vertigo, including that of unclear origin. The paper gives the positive experience with betahistine made in Russia for vestibular vertigo.

© 2018 Onkopediatria. All rights reserved. Background. Analysis of statistical data in the federal districts of the Russian Federation provides opportunities to assess the quality of medical care delivery in children with cancer and plan further development with consideration for the point elimination of existing defects. Objective. Our aim was to analyze the main indicators characterizing medical care for children with cancer in the North-West Federal District. Methods. The study analyzed operative reports for 2017 provided by the executive public health authorities of 11 subjects of the Russian Federation affiliated to the North-West Federal District. Results. The pediatric population was 2 537 133 children (0-17 years), the pediatric oncological bed capacity - 174 (0.7 per 10 000 aged 0-17 years), the annual berth average occupancy - 290.7 days. 6 (54.5%) subjects did not provide pediatric population with departments of pediatric oncology, 4 (36.4%) subjects did not have bed capacity. The number of practitioners providing medical care to children with cancer was 38, 27 among them (71%; 0.1 per 10 thousand 0-17 years) had a certificate of pediatric oncologist. 2 (18.2%) subjects did not have pediatric oncologists in the medical stuff. The incidence of malignant tumors in children aged 0-17 was 15.6 (per 100,000), the prevalence was 92.6 (per 100,000), the mortality rate was 2.6 (per 100,000), one-year mortality rate - 4.5% (18/397). The number of patients identified actively was 11 (2.8%). 160 (40.3%) primary patients were sent to Federal medical facilities, 6 (1.5%) - left the territory of the Russian Federation for the further treatment. Conclusion. The incidence and mortality rates are rather low which indicates the defects in patient detection and lack of reliable follow-up data. The percentage of patients referred for treatment to Federal medical facilities is not very high; however, to interpret this indicator according to patient routing, we have to analyze the medical history of all the patients. We can assert that health care delivery service for children with oncological diseases is at an acceptable standard level but needs to be improved.

© 2018 Vserossiiskoe Obshchestvo Kardiologov. All rights reserved. Aim. To analyze the specifics of comorbidity forming and age-related correlations of the risk factors (RF) distribution in arterial hypertension (AH) patients living in rural areas. Material and methods. In 2015-2017 a retrospective analysis of 2500 patients database was done at two general practitioners offices in Konakovsky District of Tverskaya Oblast. Of those, 350 were selected (14%) at the age 44-53 (164 males, 186 females) among the charts containing most complete data on the dispanserization. Additionally, surveying of the group was done for more detailed retrospective analysis of comorbidity and RF existence during lifetime of 25-35 years. Results. In the structure of comorbidity AH predominates, which has been diagnosed in 50,86%of patients; mostly it is diagnosed at the age 44-53 (81,06%). After AH, 2nd place is held by dorsopathies (24%), 3rd - gastrointestinal disorders (12%). For chronic pulmonary obstructive disease and cerebrovascular disease - it is less than 3%. 96,1%of men with AH are smokers at the age 18 to 53 y. o. By the age 53, in 40,26%of men and 36,63%of women there is bodyweight increase; and raised cholesterol - in 48,05%and 22,77%, respectively. Conclusion. In rural areas inhabitants, the formation of comorbidity is ongoing mostly at age 44-53 y. o. Of the specifics of comorbidity in these patients, there is often combination of AH with dorsopathies, and quite rare - with chronic obstructive lung disease or cerebrovascular diseases. The observed at the age 34-43 "diagnostic gap" points on the necessity for attention to this exact age strata with the aim of ontime diagnostics and early stages of diseases reveal. The structure of RF during the lifetime is not homogenic and is the highest at the age of comorbidity forming (except smoking and professional harms). All the considered RF are more prominent in men than in women.

© 2018 Onkopediatria. All rights reserved. Background. Analysis of medical care delivery for children with cancer in armed conflict is highly important because the high-tech treatment in this context is extraordinary difficult and challenging task. Objective. Our aim was to analyze the morbidity and mortality rates in children with malignant tumors, to assess the pediatric patient capacity and medical service density in the Donetsk People's Republic. Methods. The ecological study was conducted where the units of analysis were represented by the aggregated data of the Republican Cancer Registry on the number of primary and secondary patients with malignant and benign tumors, the deceased patients in the DNR in 2014-2017, pediatric patient capacity, and medical service density. Results. The number of pediatric patient capacity for children with cancer was 10 (0.27 per 10,000 children aged 0-17), pediatric patient capacity for children with hematological disorders - 40 (1.37 per 10,000 children aged 0-17). The treatment of children with cancer was performed by 5 healthcare providers: 1 pediatric oncologist (0.02 per 10,000 children aged 0-17), 3 hematologists (0.08 per 10,000 pediatric population aged 0-17), and 1 practitioner who did not have a specialist certificate in oncology. Morbidity rate for malignant neoplasms from 2014 to 2017 decreased by 25% (in 2014 - 9.6 per 10,000 children aged 0-17; in 2017 - 7.2). In the morbidity structure, the incidence proportion of hemoblastoses was 68.4%, brain tumors - 2.6%, other solid tumors - 29%. The death rate due to malignant neoplasms decreased by 37% (in 2014 - 2.7; in 2017 - 1.7). Conclusion. Low levels of the incidence rate and pattern of morbidity indicate defects in the identification and recording of patients. This explains the performance of the bed: low average bed occupancy per year and low turnover. For a reliable analysis of mortality statistical data is not available: in 2014-2015 only the number of in-hospital deceased patients is presented. Limited data is due to the lack of reliable patient catamnesis which is explained by the high rate of population migration.

© 2018 Paediatrician Publishers, LLC. All rights reserved. Background: Moscow and St. Petersburg are cities of federal significance with the largest number of children and consequently a large number of primary patients identified annually. Objective: Our aim was to analyze the main indicators characterizing the delivery of medical care for children with cancer in cities of federal significance. Methods: The operative reports for 2013–2017 of the Department of Health of Moscow, the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, the Health Committee of the Government of St. Petersburg, and the Health Committee of the Leningrad Region were analyzed. Results. In 2013–2017 in the Russian Federation, 18 090 primary patients were identified, 2734 (15.1%) of them in the analyzed subjects: in Moscow — 1315 (7.3%), in the Moscow Region — 492 (2.7%), in St. Petersburg — 697 (3.9%), in the Leningrad Region — 230 (1.3%). For 5 years, the number of primary patients increased in Moscow by 18.1%, in St. Petersburg — by 36%, in the Leningrad Region — by 2.5%. In the Moscow Region, the number of primary patients decreased by 2.3%. The incidence in Moscow increased by 5.3% (from 11.3 per 100 000 of children aged 0–17 in 2013 to 11.9 in 2017), in St. Petersburg — by 18.1% (from 14.9 in 2013 to 17.6 in 2017). The incidence in the Moscow Region fell by 20% (from 11.8 in 2013 to 9.4 in 2017), in the Leningrad Region by 4.9% (from 14.4 in 2013 to 13.7 in 2017). Mortality in 2016–2017 in Moscow decreased by 37.5% (from 6.4 per 100 thousand children’s population 0–17 years to 4), in the Moscow Region — by 50% (from 2 to 1), in St. Petersburg increased by 50% (from 2 to 3), in the Leningrad Region — by 12.5% (from 2.4 to 2.7). The one-year mortality rate in Moscow increased by 3.7% (from 8.3% in 2016 to 12% in 2017), in the Moscow Region — by 3.5% (from 5.4 to 8.9% %), in St. Petersburg — by 3.9% (from 2.5 to 6.4%). In the Leningrad Region, the one-year mortality rate decreased from 6.5% in 2016 to 0 in 2017. The number of pediatric oncological beds did not change in the Moscow Region (0.4 per 10,000 children aged 0–17 years), St. Petersburg (0.9), and the Leningrad Region (0). In Moscow and St. Petersburg patients were not identified actively in 2016–2017; in the Moscow Region, their percentage decreased from 34.2 to 7.3, in the Leningrad Region — from 8.7 to 0. In Moscow, the number of pediatric oncological beds increased by 50% (from 0.6 to 0.9). The number of oncologists increased in the Moscow Region from 0.009 per 10 000 children aged 0–17 years to 0.06 (66.7%), in St. Petersburg from 0.09 to 0.12 (+33.3%), in the Leningrad Region — from 0 to 0.03. In Moscow, the number of pediatric oncologists decreased from 0.13 to 0.11 (-15.3%). Conclusion: Defects of statistical data were revealed. Patients were not identified during routine preventive examinations which indicate a low oncologic alertness of district pediatric physicians. Delivery of medical care for children with cancer and the statistical data accumulation procedures should be improved.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Stroke is now one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, in this connection, various programs are being implemented to prevention this disease and to improve diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Female gender is a proven unmodifiable risk factor for stroke. Objective - to analyze literature data on the risk factors of stroke in women and to identify the epidemiological features of the disease in women in the Tyumen Region. Material and methods. To achieve literature was sought in the databases Pubmed and Library the 2007 - 2016 statistical materials of the Healthcare Department of the Tyumen Region were used. Results. The review of the literature demonstrated significant differences in the epidemiological parameters of stroke and analyzed in detail its age-related characteristics in women, the possible biological mechanisms of differences, and the role of hormone replacement therapy. The authors' own study did not reveal a higher incidence of stroke in women than that in men even in the oldest age groups. Conclusion. For personalized stroke prevention and treatment, there is a need for further investigations with a thorough analysis of the burden of gender-related risk factors.

© 2018, Bionika Media Ltd. All rights reserved. The implementation of the INTERGROWTH-21st fetal growth and newborn size for gestation age standards into clinical practice in Russia were discussed and debated. The INTERGROWTH-21st Project was implemented in more than eight countries from 2009 to 2018. All study protocols and primary findings are available online (intergrowth21. org). Briefly, eight diverse urban populations living in demarcated geographical areas were selected where: environments were free from major known pollutants; altitude was less than 1600 m; most women accessed antenatal and delivery care in institutions; mean birth weight was greater than 3100 g; rates of low birth weight (< 2500 g) were less than 10%, and perinatal mortality was less than 20 per 1000 births. The INTERGROWTH-21st study comes as a high-quality response to the common dilemma of lack of standardization in fetal growth assessment. Its use should be encouraged among Russian specialists in maternal-fetal medicine, obstetricians and radiologists.