Assessing Ge-132 as an antioxidant in organic and water-containing media
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01.03.2018 |
Vishtorskaya A.
Saverina E.
Pechennikov V.
Krylova I.
Lalov A.
Syroeshkin M.
Egorov M.
Jouikov V.
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Journal of Organometallic Chemistry |
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3 |
Ссылка
© 2018 The antioxidant activity of Ge-132 (2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide, [(O 0.5 ) 3 GeCH 2 CH 2 COOH] n ), a widely used organic germanium dietary supplement, was assessed by cyclic voltammetry and through its interaction with a stable radical 2,2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) monitored by UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopy in water, CH 3 CN, DMF, MeOH, and their mixtures with water. The results obtained by these methods are coherent in that Ge-132 can manifest its antioxidant activity only in the absence of water because the latter hydrolyses its Ge-O-Ge fragment responsible for quenching free radicals. Thus, contrary to a common use of Ge-132 as a water-soluble agent, it can act as an antioxidant solely in a lipid environment, which is important for understanding the mechanism of its biological activity.
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Oxidative transformation of N-substituted 3-aminopyrazoles to azopyrazoles using electrogenerated bromine as a mediator
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01.03.2018 |
Lyalin B.
Sigacheva V.
Kokorekin V.
Dutova T.
Rodionov G.
Petrosyan V.
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Russian Chemical Bulletin |
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1 |
Ссылка
© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The one-pot process of anodic transformation of N-alkyl-3-aminopyrazoles into azopyrazoles under conditions of membraneless electrolysis in an aqueous solution of NaBr was studied for the first time. It was found that under these conditions the aminopyrazoles, which do not have a substituent at position 4, transform into the corresponding 4,4´-dibromoazopyrazoles. The corresponding yield was in the interval of 28—80%, depending on the structure of the products. The transformation of 4-substituted aminopyrazoles resulted in the formation of azopyrazoles in the yields lying within 62—86% when this process was implemented under conditions with the anodically generated Br2 acting as a mediator. A convenient method of anodic synthesis of azopyrazoles in an aqueous medium without the use of additives of chemical oxidants was proposed. The process is environmentally sound and is characterized by a high atom efficiency (>85%).
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