Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. A systematic review substantiates the significance of mutual influence and interaction between infection pathogens, humoral and cell-mediated innate immunity that condition triggering or termination of infectious process, its prodromal period, severity of clinical manifestations and outcomes of urogenital infections in pregnant women. The determining factor is the result of TLRs response to microbial patterns taking into account the preparedness and state of innate immune receptors. The latter might ensure a higher anti-infection resistance to the pathogen up to termination of disease, or to promote the development of infectious process with marked inflammatory reaction, or to make the infectious process chronic up to damaging the tissue cells of the macroorganism. The understanding of the mechanisms of natural anti-infectious resistance and enhanced sensitivity and susceptibility to infectious agents has been objectified. TLRs act as molecular genetic markers of anti-infection resistance of the body and its state of health.

© 2018 Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. Phospholipase D (PLD) is one of the key enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cell membrane phospholipids. In this review current knowledge about six human PLD isoforms, their structure and role in physiological and pathological processes is summarized. Comparative analysis of PLD isoforms structure is presented. The mechanism of the hydrolysis and transphosphatidylation performed by PLD is described. The PLD1 and PLD2 role in the pathogenesis of some cancer, infectious, thrombotic and neurodegenerative diseases is analyzed. The prospects of PLD isoform-selective inhibitors development are shown in the context of the clinical usage and the already-existing inhibitors are characterized. Moreover, the formation of phosphatidylethanol (PEth), the alcohol abuse biomarker, as the result of PLD-catalyzed phospholipid transphosphatidylation is considered.

© 2018 Ruslania. All rights reserved. This review summarizes the published literature devoted to the analysis of diagnostic role of microRNAs in cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and affect various cellular functions. Modern methods for the detection ofmicroRNA are described. The data of variations in their concentration in ischemic heart disease, heart failure and other diseases are analyzed. At present, the accumulation of clinical data on the role of these biomarkers will allow to determine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of microRNAs (microRNA sets) in cardiovascular diseases.

© 2018 All-Russian Public Organization Antihypertensive League. All Rights Reserved. objective. To investigate the serum levels of galectin-3 in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and in patients with combination of MS and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), as well as to define the role of this marker of fibrosis in MS. design and methods. The study included 43 patients with MS (33 patients had LVH), and 33 patients of comparable age without MS (LVH was diagnosed in 10). The level of serum galectin-3 was determined by enzyme immunoassay kits Platinum ELISA. Results. The average level of galectin-3 in the MS group was significantly higher (1,89 ± 1,71 ng/ml), compared to the group without MS (1,03 ± 0,22 ng/ml, p = 0,006). The study showed a positive correlation between the level of galectin-3 and LVH (r = 0,323, p = 0,004). The mean value of galectin-3 in patients with no evidence of LVH was 1,2 ± 0,76 ng/ml, in patients with LVH — 2,1 ± 2,02 ng/ml. conclusions. In patients with MS the level of galectin-3 was higher than in patients without MS, and in patients with MS and concomitant LVH it was higher than in patients without LVH. In patients with MS and LVH increased galectin-3 levels may indicate the severity of myocardial fibrosis and help for prognosis evaluation.

© Bionika Media Ltd. Background. Ovarian cancer develops from benign tumors in 80% of cases during long-term follow-up. According to the literature, the incidence of giant ovarian cystadenoma is extremely low. There are difficulties in verifying these ovarian tumors. Description. The paper describes a rare clinical case of a 54-year-old patient with giant ovarian cystadenoma. It depicts the patient’s clinical, medical history, laboratory, and instrumental data and demonstrates the technical complexities of surgery and the features of postoperative management. Conclusion. The early diagnosis and timely treatment of ovarian tumors will be able to avoid technically difficult surgical interventions and to minimize postoperative complications, which will substantially improve the prognosis of the disease. Such operations should be performed by a surgeon having extensive surgical experience and high qualification.

© 2018 Russian Transplant Society. All Rights Reserved. Blood level of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is associated with liver function and immune homeostasis, which suggests it as a potential biomarker for immunosuppressant tacrolimus dose requirement at liver transplantation (LT). Aim. To evaluate diagnostic efficacy of TGF-β1 blood level at determination of individual tacrolimus dose requirement in children at LT. Materials and methods. 89 children with end stage liver disease aged from 3 to 73 months were examined. Children underwent living related LT, then the recipients received 2–3 component immunosuppressive therapy, including tacrolimus. Blood concentration of tacrolimus and TGF-β1 was measured by ELISA. Results. TGF-β1 blood level in children before LT was significantly lower than in healthy children: 3.7 (1.3–8.4) and 19.3 (12.6–25.5) ng/ml, p = 0.001. A month after LT, its concentration increased to 8.1 (1.8–15.3) ng/ml (p = 0.02). A year after LT, the cytokine level remained higher than before transplantation: 6.6 (1.9–12.6) ng/ml, p = 0.01. TGF-β1 level did not correlate with tacrolimus blood concentration, determined 12 hours after the last administration of the drug, neither a month, nor a year after transplantation. At the same time, the cytokine level one month after LT was associated with a tacrolimus daily dose one year after the operation (r = –0.23, p = 0.04). In the recipients, who received smaller daily doses (0.4–2.5 mg) of tacrolimus, TGF-β1 level was higher than in those receiving large doses (3.0–6.0 mg) of the drug: 9.1 (2.6–16.2) ng/ml vs. 4.2 (1.3–9.2) ng/ ml, p = 0.04. Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of the TGF-β1 level as a test for the detection of tacrolimus dose requirement showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.66 ± 0.07; 95% CI [0.53–0.79], the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 60 and 74% at threshold value 6.7 ng/ml. Relative risk of higher tacrolimus dose requirement was 3.14 ± 0.48; 95% CI [1.24–7.96]. Conclusion. TGF-β1 blood level in one month after LT less than 6.7 ng/ml is 3 times higher risk factor of tacrolimus dose requirement more than 3.0 mg per day. The likehood of the test is 66%, the sensitivity and specificity – 60 and 74%.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Objective - to study endometrial receptivity in infertile women with external genital endometriosis (EGE). Subject and methods. Clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic examinations of endometrial aspiration pipelle biopsy specimens obtained on days 22-24 of the menstrual cycle from 94 infertile women with endometriosis: 50 women with Stage I-II EGE and 44 women with ovarian endometrioid cysts (OEC). A control group consisted of 54 women with tubal peritoneal factor of infertility (TPFI) and a successful attempt at IVF. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were found to contain a number of endometrial surface epithelial cells containing mature pinopods. The expression levels of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), HOXA-10, glycodelin A, avβ3 integrin, estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), aromatase in the superficial epithelium, glandular epithelium and endometrial stroma were immunohistochemically revealed. Forty-four patients, including 17 with Stage I-II EGE and 27 with TPFI, showed mRNA expression levels of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR), LIF, ER1, PgR, HOXA-10, and PTEN by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a preliminary reverse transcription PCR assay. Results. It was established that in the infertile women with Stage I-II EGE and those with OEC, endometrial receptivity was impaired, which was manifested by a decline in the number of superficial epithelial cells containing mature pinopods, as well as a decrease in the endometrial level of the key receptivity markers: αvβ3 integrin, LIF, glycodelin A, and HOXA10 and increases in the synthesis of aromatase and in the imbalance of endometrial stromal expression of ER and PR detected by immunohisto chemistry (IHC). Molecular genetic study showed lower mRNA expression levels of the HOXA-10, LIFR, and PgR genes, which confirms the data obtained by IHC. Conclusion. To assess the role of the endometrium in the development of infertility in women with EGE, it is necessary to conduct morphological and IHC studies of the molecular markers of receptivity, by determining the status of pinopods of the endometrial surface epithelium during the window of implantation.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group.All Rights Reserved. Aim. To analyze the association between the polymorphic markers in CTLA4, TNF, IL10 and IL16 genes and the risk of manifestation of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO) in patients with Graves' disease (GD). Materials and methods. Case-control study included 248 patients with GD. Using polymerase chain reaction we studied the distribution of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic markers such as A60G (rs3087243) in CTLA4 gene, G(-308)A (rs1800629) in TNF gene, G(-1082)A (rs1800896) in IL10 gene, T3249C (rs4778641) in IL16 gene among 141 patients with Graves' disease and EO and 107 patients with GD without EO. Results and discussion. The frequencies of A alleles and the AA genotypes were significantly increased and the frequencies of G alleles and the GG genotype polymorphic markers rs3087243 of CTLA4 gene and rs1800896 of IL10 gene, as well as the GG genotype polymorphic marker rs1800629 of TNF gene were reduced in patients with GD and EO. The polymorphism in CTLA4 gene was also associated with the activity and the severity of EO. The comparative analysis of the allele and genotype frequency distribution of polymorphic markers of IL16 gene did not show the significant difference. Conclusion. The risk of manifestation and the development of EO in patients with Graves' disease can be caused by not only environmental, but also genetic risk factors.

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. The objective of the present work was the immunohistochemical evaluation of the age-related dynamics of apoptosis-associated proteins contained in the human skin epidermis. We studied the samples of skin tissues obtained during the forensic medical expertises of 100 corpses of the subjects who died in the consequence of acute blood loss in the absence of injuries or pathological changes in the skin (56 men and 44 women at the age varying from 5 to 85 years). The results of this study give evidence that the histoimmunological investigations of the skin tissues can be carried out with the use of the mmunohistochemical Ki67, bcl-2, and p53 markers for the more accurate determination of the biological age of the deceased subjects. The quantitative characteristics thus obtained serve as reliable indicators of the chronic changes in the skin and can be used as the components of the combined diagnostic procedures.

© 2018 Medical Education. All rights reserved. The article provides a review on prevalence, phenotypes, endotypes, and the control of severe bronchial asthma. Severe asthma is a widespread, heterogeneous disease that affects 5 - 20% of patients with bronchial asthma. Prevalence of severe asthma in Russia significantly exceeds the official statistics data, therefore it is necessary to maintain a national register of patients with severe asthma. The conventional therapy for severe asthma is not always effective due to the uncontrolled course of the disease and eosinophilic airway inflammation. The identification of asthma phenotype/endotype is reasonable to develop a personalized approach to treatment. This approach allows to achieve better control of the disease and to minimize the risk of asthma exacerbations, fixed airway obstruction and adverse effects of the pharmacological therapy. The main changes in the Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (GINA, 2018) concerning severe asthma therapy are highlighted in this article. It is also emphasized that the use of monoclonal IL-5 and IgE-antibodies could contribute to successful treatment of patients with uncontrolled severe asthma. Currently, two immunobiological drugs have been registered in Russia, omalizumab (anti-IgE antibody) and reslizumab (anti-IL-5 antibody).

Today, stroke is the third most common pathology after cardiovascular disease and cancer, as well as the leading cause of disability in the world. Although some progress has been made in the field of primary and secondary stroke prevention over the past few decades, a deeper knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease is needed to significantly improve diagnosis and therapy. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an important, recently identified class of posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. MiRNA can be used as a tool for therapeutic interventions. This review considers a role of miRNAs in the regulation of experimental stroke and in the development of carotid artery stroke. A potential role of miRNAs as promising biomarkers of stroke is discussed.

Цель исследования. Изучение связи между генами иммунной системы и депрессией, а также ее эндофенотипами (невротизм и личностная тревожность) при ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС). Материал и методы. Исследование проведено в группе мужчин с ИБС с депрессией (78 человек) и без нее (91 человек), а также у здоровых добровольцев мужского пола (127 человек). Изучены полиморфизмы генов интерлейкина-4 (IL-4 –589C/T), интерлейкина-6 (IL-6 –174G/C), фактора некроза опухолей-α (TNF-α –308G/A) и С-реактивного белка (CRP –717A/G). Результаты. Обнаружена ассоциация полиморфизма IL-6 –174 G/C с депрессией, коморбидной ИБС (р=0,01; ОШ=2,3 ДИ 95% 1,2—4,3), которая выражалась в повышении частоты высокоэкспрессивного аллеля G в группе больных с депрессией. Полиморфизм IL-4 –589C/T был ассоциирован с ИБС: частота генотипа СС IL-4 –589C/T была выше в группе больных по сравнению с контрольной группой независимо от наличия депрессии (р=0,007; ОШ=2,1 ДИ 95% 1,2—3,4). Полиморфизмы TNF-α –308G/A и CRP –717A/G не были ассоциированы с депрессией при ИБС. Значимых различий в выраженности невротизма и личностной тревожности у носителей различных генотипов по локусам IL-4 –589 C/T, IL-6 –174 G/C, TNF-α –308 G/A, CRP –717A/G выявлено не было. Заключение. Ассоциация полиморфизма IL-6 –174G/C с депрессией, коморбидной ИБС, согласуется с данными литературы о роли IL-6 в развитии депрессии у кардиологических больных.

Цель исследования. Изучение связи между генами иммунной системы и депрессией, а также ее эндофенотипами (невротизм и личностная тревожность) при ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС). Материал и методы. Исследование проведено в группе мужчин с ИБС с депрессией (78 человек) и без нее (91 человек), а также у здоровых добровольцев мужского пола (127 человек). Изучены полиморфизмы генов интерлейкина-4 (IL-4 –589C/T), интерлейкина-6 (IL-6 –174G/C), фактора некроза опухолей-α (TNF-α –308G/A) и С-реактивного белка (CRP –717A/G). Результаты. Обнаружена ассоциация полиморфизма IL-6 –174 G/C с депрессией, коморбидной ИБС (р=0,01; ОШ=2,3 ДИ 95% 1,2—4,3), которая выражалась в повышении частоты высокоэкспрессивного аллеля G в группе больных с депрессией. Полиморфизм IL-4 –589C/T был ассоциирован с ИБС: частота генотипа СС IL-4 –589C/T была выше в группе больных по сравнению с контрольной группой независимо от наличия депрессии (р=0,007; ОШ=2,1 ДИ 95% 1,2—3,4). Полиморфизмы TNF-α –308G/A и CRP –717A/G не были ассоциированы с депрессией при ИБС. Значимых различий в выраженности невротизма и личностной тревожности у носителей различных генотипов по локусам IL-4 –589 C/T, IL-6 –174 G/C, TNF-α –308 G/A, CRP –717A/G выявлено не было. Заключение. Ассоциация полиморфизма IL-6 –174G/C с депрессией, коморбидной ИБС, согласуется с данными литературы о роли IL-6 в развитии депрессии у кардиологических больных.