Репозиторий Университета

© 2021, The Author(s). Background: HIV infection is a major health problem in Russia. We aimed to assess HIV prevalence in different population groups and to compare the characteristics of 4th generation immunoassays from Abbott, Bio-Rad, Vector-Best, Diagnostic Systems, and Medical Biological Unit. Methods: The study included 4452 individuals from the general population (GP), 391 subjects at high risk of HIV infection (HR) and 699 with potentially interfering conditions. HIV positivity was confirmed by immunoblot and by HIV RNA, seroconversion and virus diversity panels were also used. HIV avidity was employed to assess recent infections. Results: The prevalence in GP was 0.40%, higher in males (0.62%) and in people aged < 40 years (0.58%). Patients attending dermo-venereal centers and drug users had a high prevalence (34.1 and 58.8%). Recent infections were diagnosed in 20% of GP and in 4.2% of HR. Assay sensitivity was 100% except for one false negative (99,54%, MBU). Specificity was 99.58–99.89% overall, but as low as 93.26% on HR (Vector-Best). Small differences on early seroconversion were recorded. Only the Abbott assay detected all samples on the viral diversity panel. Conclusion: HIV infection rate in the high-risk groups suggests that awareness and screening campaigns should be enhanced. Fourth generation assays are adequate but performance differences must be considered.

© 2018. Modern medicine, relying on a verified strategy and consistent approach, has proved that to date, HIV infection, thanks to effective antiretroviral therapy, has evolved from a category of incurable and deadly diseases into a nosology potentially controlled by medical and diagnostic measures. Moreover, as shown by numerous studies, not only clinical, but also the population effect has been achieved. The life expectancy of HIV-infected people has increased, its quality has significantly improved, and the number of potential sources of infection has decreased. The concept of «treatment as prevention» at the present stage becomes an integral part of the complex of measures to combat HIV infection, since the early onset of ART can significantly reduce the risk of transmission of the pathogen, as well as the level of AIDS-associated morbidity and mortality. In addition to ART, the principles of comprehensive prevention remain unshakable, taking into account the modern epidemiological features of HIV infection.

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. The current national immunization calendar is intended for the pediatric population; the general concept of adult immunization is absent, which does not protect target groups under the conditions of the changing epidemic situation and the state of population immunity. Objective - to substantiate and design a national vaccine schedule for adults. Material and methods. The investigation was conducted using the data available in the Russian and foreign literature, the assessments of the epidemic situation among the adult population in the Russian Federation, and the authors’ own studies. Results. The draft national adult immunization calendar consisting of two sections was designed and substantiated. The first section includes information on immunization of different age groups; the second contains that on immunization of groups at epidemiological and social risks. Conclusions. The introduction of the national adult immunization calendar and improvements in the institutional framework of vaccination will achieve further reductions in morbidity and mortality rates in the country.