Репозиторий Университета

© 2021, The Author(s). Background: HIV infection is a major health problem in Russia. We aimed to assess HIV prevalence in different population groups and to compare the characteristics of 4th generation immunoassays from Abbott, Bio-Rad, Vector-Best, Diagnostic Systems, and Medical Biological Unit. Methods: The study included 4452 individuals from the general population (GP), 391 subjects at high risk of HIV infection (HR) and 699 with potentially interfering conditions. HIV positivity was confirmed by immunoblot and by HIV RNA, seroconversion and virus diversity panels were also used. HIV avidity was employed to assess recent infections. Results: The prevalence in GP was 0.40%, higher in males (0.62%) and in people aged < 40 years (0.58%). Patients attending dermo-venereal centers and drug users had a high prevalence (34.1 and 58.8%). Recent infections were diagnosed in 20% of GP and in 4.2% of HR. Assay sensitivity was 100% except for one false negative (99,54%, MBU). Specificity was 99.58–99.89% overall, but as low as 93.26% on HR (Vector-Best). Small differences on early seroconversion were recorded. Only the Abbott assay detected all samples on the viral diversity panel. Conclusion: HIV infection rate in the high-risk groups suggests that awareness and screening campaigns should be enhanced. Fourth generation assays are adequate but performance differences must be considered.

© 2019 The Authors Eighty years after the last published record of human leishmaniasis from Dagestan, Russian Federation, we report two recent cases which were most probably acquired locally: one case of visceral leishmaniasis in a 2-year old child, and one cutaneous leishmaniasis case in a 39-year-old man co-infected with HIV, both resident in Dagestan.

© 2018 Interregional public organization Association of infectious disease specialists of Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region (IPO AIDSSPbR). All rights reserved. The development of mesenteric lymphadenitis is typical for patients with HIV infection at the stage of secondary diseases. The purpose of our study is to decipher the etiology of lymphadenitis in patients with HIV infection at the stage of secondary diseases. The analysis of disease histories of 113 HIV infection patients at the stage of secondary diseases with the use of statistical processing was carried out. The article presents examples that characterize the polymorphism of clinical variants of the development of mesadenitis in HIV-infected patients with stage 4B, which has developed as a result of the influence of various etiological factors.

© 2018, Bionika Media Ltd. All rights reserved. Aim. To investigate the clinical features of the course and outcomes of pregnancy and placental morphology in HIV-infected pregnant women. Material and methods. This study is a retrospective analysis of 29 pregnant women. The study group comprised 14 pregnant women with antenatal human immunodeficiency virus infection. Fifteen women with a physiological course of pregnancy made up a control group. The mean age of patients in the study and control group was 28.0 ± 2.6 and 21.1±2.3 years, respectively. The analysis included gynecological history, the course of pregnancy and childbirth, and perinatal outcomes of newborns. The morphological study of placenta included macroscopic and histological examinations, and immunohistochemical studies using antibodies targeting CCR5 receptors. Results. Pregnant women in the study group had a gynecological history of sexually transmitted infections. The most frequent complications of the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were anemia (78.6%), the threatened preterm birth (35.7%), and preeclampsia (28.6%). Complications of labor were premature rupture of membranes (35.7%) and uncoordinated uterine activity (14.3%). Placental morphology showed signs of inflammation and hypoxia. Immunohistochemical studies identified a higher expression of CCR5 in chorionic villi. Conclusion. The findings indicate increased levels of CCR5 expression and the development of chronic placental insufficiency in HIV-infected pregnant women, which indicates the need for dynamic monitoring of this group of patients.

© 2018. Modern medicine, relying on a verified strategy and consistent approach, has proved that to date, HIV infection, thanks to effective antiretroviral therapy, has evolved from a category of incurable and deadly diseases into a nosology potentially controlled by medical and diagnostic measures. Moreover, as shown by numerous studies, not only clinical, but also the population effect has been achieved. The life expectancy of HIV-infected people has increased, its quality has significantly improved, and the number of potential sources of infection has decreased. The concept of «treatment as prevention» at the present stage becomes an integral part of the complex of measures to combat HIV infection, since the early onset of ART can significantly reduce the risk of transmission of the pathogen, as well as the level of AIDS-associated morbidity and mortality. In addition to ART, the principles of comprehensive prevention remain unshakable, taking into account the modern epidemiological features of HIV infection.