Репозиторий Университета

The article reviews the phenomenology of sleep and wakefulness disorders in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Degeneration of sleep and wakefulness centers, secondary effect of other symptoms of diseases and side-effects of drug therapy lead to a widespread prevalence of sleep and wakefulness disturbances in these patients. Along with the review of actual literature concerning mechanisms of development and clinical features of these disorders, the authors discuss principal methods for their treatment.

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Inflammasomes are macromolecular complexes that contain many copies of receptors recognizing molecular patterns of pathogenic agents (PAMP) and damage-associated structures (DAMP), and also include molecules of adapter protein ASC and procaspase- 1. Activation of inflammasomes leads to the formation of active caspase-1 that, in turn, provides the maturation of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 to IL-1β and IL-18. The latter cytokines play an important role in control of neuroinlfammation in the central nervous system contributing to the pathogenesis of a series of neurological, neurodegenerative and mental disorders. The review discusses the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and other their types in the development of the traumatic brain injury, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, brain tumors, CNS infections, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depressiver, and consequences of alcohol abuse. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways controlled by inflammasomes will allow the development of new therapeutic measures for diseases, in which neuroinflammation plays a leading pathogenetic role.

Traditionally, Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with the lesion of the substantia nigra and dopamine system dysfunction. However, current studies show the involvement of other CNS regions, which extend far beyond the substantia nigra, in the pathogenesis of PD. The prevalence of altered α-synuclein in PD leads to the dysfunction of several neurotransmitter systems including the orexin system located in the hypothalamus. The involvement of this system in the neurodegenerative process explains some symptoms of PD including daily drowsiness and eating disorders. The authors consider the pathophysiology of the orexin system and its role in the pathogenesis of PD.

© 2018 Bentham Science Publishers. Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are looking forward to new therapeutic strategies that may gradually decelerate the rate of neurodegenerative decline, associated with mobility restrictions and related morbidity. Its continuous neurodegenerative process, exacerbated by genetic mutations or environmental toxins, involves a progressive reduction in the dopamine neurotransmission levels, synaptic uptake density, oxidative glucose intake, deficient striatal lactate accumulation and chronic inflammation. Over the last decade, novel bioproducts have received considerable interest due to their unique potential of unifying nutritional, safety and therapeutic natural effects. Some nutraceuticals play a crucial role in the control of the signaling transduction pathways in neurotransmission and inflammation affected in PD, and some natural compounds can beneficially interact with each one of these biological mechanisms to slow down disease progression. Atremorine, a novel plant-derived nutraceutical, probably with a neuroprotective effect in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (pars compacta), is a prototype of this new category of bioproducts with potential effects in PD. The major focus of this review will be on the current knowledge and biomedical investigation strategies through a plant-derived neuroprotective approach to improve life quality in PD patients, being of paramount importance for health providers, caregivers and the patients themselves.