Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a valuable source for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders
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01.12.2021 |
Markov A.
Thangavelu L.
Aravindhan S.
Zekiy A.O.
Jarahian M.
Chartrand M.S.
Pathak Y.
Marofi F.
Shamlou S.
Hassanzadeh A.
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Stem Cell Research and Therapy |
10.1186/s13287-021-02265-1 |
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Over recent years, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their potential biomedical applications have received much attention from the global scientific community in an increasing manner. Firstly, MSCs were successfully isolated from human bone marrow (BM), but in the next steps, they were also extracted from other sources, mostly from the umbilical cord (UC) and adipose tissue (AT). The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) has suggested minimum criteria to identify and characterize MSCs as follows: plastic adherence, surface expression of CD73, D90, CD105 in the lack of expression of CD14, CD34, CD45, and human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and also the capability to differentiate to multiple cell types including adipocyte, chondrocyte, or osteoblast in vitro depends on culture conditions. However, these distinct properties, including self-renewability, multipotency, and easy accessibility are just one side of the coin; another side is their huge secretome which is comprised of hundreds of mediators, cytokines, and signaling molecules and can effectively modulate the inflammatory responses and control the infiltration process that finally leads to a regulated tissue repair/healing or regeneration process. MSC-mediated immunomodulation is a direct result of a harmonic synergy of MSC-released signaling molecules (i.e., mediators, cytokines, and chemokines), the reaction of immune cells and other target cells to those molecules, and also feedback in the MSC-molecule-target cell axis. These features make MSCs a respectable and eligible therapeutic candidate to be evaluated in immune-mediated disorders, such as graft versus host diseases (GVHD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Crohn’s disease (CD), and osteoarthritis (OA), and even in immune-dysregulating infectious diseases such as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper discussed the therapeutic applications of MSC secretome and its biomedical aspects related to immune-mediated conditions. Sources for MSC extraction, their migration and homing properties, therapeutic molecules released by MSCs, and the pathways and molecular mechanisms possibly involved in the exceptional immunoregulatory competence of MSCs were discussed. Besides, the novel discoveries and recent findings on immunomodulatory plasticity of MSCs, clinical applications, and the methods required for their use as an effective therapeutic option in patients with immune-mediated/immune-dysregulating diseases were highlighted.
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CLIPPERS syndrome
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01.01.2018 |
Schmidt T.
Pronin I.
Kazantsev K.
Voskresenskaya O.
Damulin I.
Aleksandrov A.
Yakhno N.
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Nevrologiya, Neiropsikhiatriya, Psikhosomatika |
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© 2018 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reservbed. CLIPPERS syndrome (Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids) is a recently described rare disease affecting the central nervous system. It is characterized by subacute development of symptoms of lesions predominantly in the brain stem and cerebellum, by specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes, perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the brain substance and a good response to glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. The paper describes CLIPPERS syndrome in a patient who has been followed up in a clinic for 10 years. During this period, different variants of clinical diagnosis have been considered. The final diagnosis was made only when comparing the clinical course and manifestations of the disease, MRI data, as well as the reaction to GC therapy and its discontinuation. Literature data and diagnostic criteria of this disease are presented.
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Clinical cases of multiple sclerosis in children with cerebral palsy
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01.01.2018 |
Sivertseva S.
Bykova O.
Bakhtiyarova K.
Prilenskaya A.
Sivertsev M.
Kandala N.
Bazhukhin D.
Smirnova N.
Guseva M.
Boyko A.
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Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psihiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova |
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© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All Rights Reserved. The careful differential diagnosis is very important in pediatric cases of multiple sclerosis (MS). It has special difficulties if MS started in patients with residual neurological pathology. Two cases of development of MS in children with cerebral palsy (CP) are presented. The clinical features and diagnostic difficulties in such comorbid situations are discussed.
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