Репозиторий Университета

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd The negative societal impacts associated with the increasing prevalence of violence and aggression is increasing, and, with this rise, is the need to understand the molecular and cellular changes that underpin ultrasound-induced aggressive behavior. In mice, stress-induced aggression is known to alter AMPA receptor subunit expression, plasticity markers, and oxidative stress within the brain. Here, we induced aggression in BALB/c mice using chronic ultrasound exposure and examined the impact of the psychoactive anti-oxidant compounds thiamine (vitamin B1), and its derivative benfotiamine, on AMPA receptor subunit expression, established plasticity markers, and oxidative stress. The administration of thiamine or benfotiamine (200 mg/kg/day) in drinking water decreased aggressive behavior following 3-weeks of ultrasound exposure and benfotiamine, reduced floating behavior in the swim test. The vehicle-treated ultrasound-exposed mice exhibited increases in protein carbonyl and total glutathione, altered AMPA receptor subunits expression, and decreased expression of plasticity markers. These ultrasound-induced effects were ameliorated by thiamine and benfotiamine treatment; in particular both antioxidants were able to reverse ultrasound-induced changes in GluA1 and GluA2 subunit expression, and, within the prefrontal cortex, significantly reversed the changes in protein carbonyl and polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) expression levels. Benfotiamine was usually more efficacious than thiamine. Thus, the thiamine compounds were able to counteract ultrasound-induced aggression, which was accompanied by the normalization of markers that have been showed to be associated with ultrasound-induced aggression. These commonly used, orally-active compounds may have considerable potential for use in the control of aggression within the community. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled ‘Current status of the neurobiology of aggression and impulsivity’.

© 2018 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved. We have studied the adaptogenic properties of Kardecaim phytopreparation based on dry extracts derived from Inula helenium L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Elletaria cardamomum (L.) Maton., and Caragaha spinose (L.) Wall, ex Homem, which contain phenolic compounds and terpenoids. A course of preventive administration of Kardecaim to white rats in a dose of 100 mg/kg for 7 days before the induction of acute emotional stress produced stress-protective effect by preventing the development of catabolic signs of Selye's triad in animal inner organs, including the thymus involution (40% lower than in control); degree of hemorrhagic and ulcerative defects in the stomach mucosa (5 times less than reference gastroprotector effect), and somewhat less pronounced effect on the stress-induced hypertrophy of adrenal glands, yet comparable to the effect of reference preparation (eleutherococcus extract). It was shown that the increase in the resistance to stress under the action of Kardecaim was due to the activation of synthesis of heat shock proteins (Hsp). The Hsp-70 content in the thymus of white rats undergoing emotional stress was 56% higher than in the control. The introduction of Kardecaim to intact animals had no effect on the basal level of Hsp-70. It was established that the expression of Hsp under the drug action was not connected with NO system, since the administration of Kardecaim on the background of stress impact was followed by a decrease in the NO metabolite yield.