Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 Brzecka, Leszek, Ashraf, Ejma, ávila-Rodriguez, Yarla, Tarasov, Chubarev, Samsonova, Barreto and Aliev. Sleep disturbances, as well as sleep-wake rhythm disturbances, are typical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that may precede the other clinical signs of this neurodegenerative disease. Here, we describe clinical features of sleep disorders in AD and the relation between sleep disorders and both cognitive impairment and poor prognosis of the disease. There are difficulties of the diagnosis of sleep disorders based on sleep questionnaires, polysomnography or actigraphy in the AD patients. Typical disturbances of the neurophysiological sleep architecture in the course of the AD include deep sleep and paradoxical sleep deprivation. Among sleep disorders occurring in patients with AD, the most frequent disorders are sleep breathing disorders and restless legs syndrome. Sleep disorders may influence circadian fluctuations of the concentrations of amyloid-β in the interstitial brain fluid and in the cerebrovascular fluid related to the glymphatic brain system and production of the amyloid-β. There is accumulating evidence suggesting that disordered sleep contributes to cognitive decline and the development of AD pathology. In this mini-review, we highlight and discuss the association between sleep disorders and AD.

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Non-motor disturbances represented by sensory, affective, obsessive-compulsive disorders, cognitive dysfunction, sleep disturbances are often found in patients with dystonia and have a negative impact on their quality of life. The prevalence of sensory and affective disorders and sleep disturbances is above 50% in patients with cervical dystonia and is 25% in patients with blepharospasm, writing spasm; cognitive dysfunction is found in more than 25% of patients with focal dystonia. The relationship of nonmotor, in particular psychiatric disorders, with the impairment of social and everyday life and worsening of quality of life in whole was shown. Common pathophysiological mechanisms of non-motor disorders as well as approaches to treatment of these disorders are discussed. The authors present the results on the positive effect of botulinum toxin therapy that reduces cognitive dysfunction, sensory disorders and depressive syndrome. Non-medication treatment of non-motor disorders in patients with dystonia is considered.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group.All Rights Reserved. Aim. To evaluate the presence and the severity of the complaints (headache, dizziness, memory loss, concentration of attention, sleep disturbances, decreased mood, increased anxiety), the state of cognitive functions, emotional status and quality of night sleep in treatmentnaïve middle-aged patients with mild to moderate EAH compared to healthy volunteers of the same age. Materials and methods. 103 treatment-naïve patients with EAH aged 40-59 years at the enrollment, who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and provided written informed consent (46 men, mean age 53.6±0.8 years) and 50 healthy volunteers (17 men, mean age 51.5±1.0 years) with normal blood pressure (BP) level - control group - were enrolled to the study. Mean EAH duration was 2.9±5.7 years. Cognitive assessment included Montreal cognitive assessment, 10-words learning task, verbal fluency test, TMT, Stroop color and word test. Anxiety and depression were evaluated via Hamilton rating scales (HARS and HDRS). 24-hours ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) was performed according to European guidelines. Results. 70% of patients with EAH complained of memory disturbance, 68% - lack of attention, 22% - sleep disturbances, 12% - dizziness, 9% - headache. It took statistically significant more time for patients with EAH to perform on TMT B (p<0.05), they had significantly higher TMT B - TMT A difference score (p<0.01) and lower mean MoCA score (p<0.05). Patients with EAH had significantly higher mean score in Hamilton anxiety (2.1±3.7) and depression (1.1±2.4) rating scales compared to controls (0.3±0.9 points, p<0.01 and 0.1±0.5 points, p<0.001, respectively). Patients with EAH who complained of sleep disturbances had low sleep quality (8.7±2.8 points). Among patients with EAH who complained about headaches 66.6% had episodic migraine and chronic tension type headache (33.4%). Those patients had a substantial impact of headache on life and daily living according to HIT-6 (mean score - 57.5±6.1). Only 2 patients out of 12 with complains about dizziness had benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and Ménière's disease. Conclusion. Complaints about memory dysfunction, lack of attention, sleep disturbances, less common - dizziness and headaches, are most typical in patients with EAH on the early stages of the disease. They differ from healthy volunteers of the same age by having cognitive impairment and higher anxiety and depression scores. Patients with EAH who complained about sleep disturbances had low sleep quality. Headache in patients with EAH was due to episodic migraine and tension type headache which had a negative impact on life and daily living.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Heart sarcoidosis diagnosis presents great difficulties due to the absence of specific clinical manifestations. Most often, the diagnosis is established during autopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart with contrast enhancement is one of the most informative methods of intravital diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. In this article, two clinical cases, shows the role of MRI of the heart with contrast enhancement in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis.