Репозиторий Университета

© 2019, The Author(s).  Objectives: Glioblastoma (GB) contains diverse histologic regions. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values are surrogates for the degree of number of cells within the tumour regions. Because an assessment of ADC values and volumes within tumour sub-compartments of GB is missing in the literature, we aimed to evaluate these associations. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 48 patients with GB underwent segmentation to calculate tumour region volumes (in cubic centimetre) and ADC values in tumour regions: normal tissue, enhancing tumour, proximal oedema, distal oedema, and necrosis. Correlation, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox hazard regression analyses were performed. Results: We found a statistically significant difference among ADC values for tumour regions: F (4, 220) = 166.71 and p ≤.001 and tumour region volumes (necrosis, enhancing tumour, peritumoural oedema): F (2, 141) = 136.3 and p ≤.001. Post hoc comparisons indicated that the only significantly different mean score was the peritumoural volume in oedema region (p <.001). We observed a positive significant correlation between ADC of distal oedema and peritumoural volume, r =.418, df = 34, and p =.011. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis considering only tumour region volumes provided an almost significant model: − 2 log-likelihood = 146.066, χ 2 (4) = 9.303, and p =.054 with a trend towards significance of the hazard function: p =.067 and HR = 1.077 for the non-enhancing tumour volume. Conclusions: ADC values together with volumes of oedema region might have a role as predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with GB; we recommend a routine MRI assessment with the calculation of these biomarkers in GB.

© 2019 The Author(s). Background: Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) MRI has widely been used to understand migraine pathophysiology and to identify an imaging marker of the disorder. Here, we review what we have learned from FC studies. Methods: We performed a literature search on the PubMed website for original articles reporting data obtained from conventional resting-state FC recording in migraine patients compared with healthy controls or during and outside of migraine attacks in the same patients. Results: We found 219 articles and included 28 in this review after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies compared migraine patients with healthy controls, whereas three studies investigated migraine patients during and outside of attacks. In the studies of interictal migraine more alterations of more than 20 FC networks (including amygdala, caudate nucleus, central executive, cerebellum, cuneus, dorsal attention network, default mode, executive control, fronto-parietal, hypothalamus, insula, neostriatum, nucleus accumbens, occipital lobe, periaqueductal grey, prefrontal cortex, salience, somatosensory cortex I, thalamus and visual) were reported. We found a poor level of reproducibility and no migraine specific pattern across these studies. Conclusion: Based on the findings in the present review, it seems very difficult to extract knowledge of migraine pathophysiology or to identify a biomarker of migraine. There is an unmet need of guidelines for resting-state FC studies in migraine, which promote the use of homogenous terminology, public availability of protocol and the a priori hypothesis in line with for instance randomized clinical trial guidelines.

© 2018 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). We present the nanoparticle-enabled experimentally trained wavelet-domain denoising method for optical coherence tomography (OCT). It employs an experimental training algorithm based on imaging of a test-object, made of the colloidal suspension of the monodisperse nanoparticles and contains the microscale inclusions. The geometry and the scattering properties of the test-object are known a priori allowing us to set the criteria for the training algorithm. Using a wide set of the wavelet kernels and the wavelet-domain filtration approaches, the appropriate filter is constructed based on the test-object imaging. We apply the proposed approach and chose an efficient wavelet denoising procedure by considering the combinations of the decomposition basis from five wavelet families with eight types of the filtration threshold. We demonstrate applicability of the wavelet-filtering for the in vitro OCT image of human brain meningioma. The observed results prove high efficiency of the proposed OCT image denoising technique.

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. The diagnosis of head injury should be based on certain principles. Each of them is important and has its own history. The authors summarize the experience of treatment of head injury using clinical and neuroimaging methods at the NN Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute (now the NN Burdenko National Research Center for Neurosurgery) for more than 30 years. The following principles of diagnosis of head injury were suggested and tested in clinical practice: severity of patient’s state; clinical syndromes; topical diagnosis; neuroimaging; phasicity; age-related approach; data synthesis; sufficiency; individual approach. Taken together, these principles provide complete personalized diagnosis and prognosis which allow choosing an optimal management of the patient. The strategy for better diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of head injury is the combined use of clinical, neuroimaging and ethical approaches.

© 2018 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved. With the development of current neuroimaging techniques, their role in diagnosing epilepsy is becoming more significant and that is not only in identifying the disease that plays a key role in epileptogenesis, but also in assisting a clinician in the subsequent formulation of the diagnosis, in correcting drug therapy, and, in some cases, in addressing the issue of surgical treatment in the patient. The priority technique in this case is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that has high sensitivity and specificity in defining the location of minor and more major lesions of the brain structure and that includes a set of current sequences that can obtain important diagnostic information about the functional state of the brain. This article highlights the International League Against Epilepsy guidelines for MRI in patients with suspected epilepsy, assesses the use of and briefly characterizes both structural and functional pulse sequences that are most commonly included in the epileptological protocol. It considers major pathological processes and evaluates anatomical and functional changes in the brain structure, which play an important role in epileptogenesis.

В области изучения нейробиологии униполярных депрессивных расстройств (УДР) перспективными считаются нейровизуализационные методы, особенно позитронно-эмиссионная томография (ПЭТ) и функциональная магнитно-резонансная томография (фМРТ). В статье приводится обзор современных нейровизуализационных данных, касающихся структурно-функциональных особенностей головного мозга у лиц, страдающих УДР. Результаты отдельных исследований представлены в зависимости от особенностей методов их проведения (состояние покоя, выполнение когнитивных и эмоциональных тестов) и соотнесены с основными нейробиологическими концепциями развития депрессивных расстройств. Отдельно рассмотрены возможности нейровизуализационных исследований для оценки и прогнозирования результатов антидепрессивной терапии.

В области изучения нейробиологии униполярных депрессивных расстройств (УДР) перспективными считаются нейровизуализационные методы, особенно позитронно-эмиссионная томография (ПЭТ) и функциональная магнитно-резонансная томография (фМРТ). В статье приводится обзор современных нейровизуализационных данных, касающихся структурно-функциональных особенностей головного мозга у лиц, страдающих УДР. Результаты отдельных исследований представлены в зависимости от особенностей методов их проведения (состояние покоя, выполнение когнитивных и эмоциональных тестов) и соотнесены с основными нейробиологическими концепциями развития депрессивных расстройств. Отдельно рассмотрены возможности нейровизуализационных исследований для оценки и прогнозирования результатов антидепрессивной терапии.