Репозиторий Университета

© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common term for alveolar septal wall destruction resulting in emphysema, and chronic bronchitis accompanied by conductive airway remodelling. In general, this disease is characterized by a disbalance of proteolytic/anti-proteolytic activity, augmented inflammatory response, increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, rise in number of apoptotic cells and decreased proliferation. As the first responder to the various environmental stimuli, epithelium occupies an important position in different lung pathologies, including COPD. Epithelium sequentially transitions from the upper airways in the direction of the gas exchange surface in the alveoli, and every cell type possesses a distinct role in the maintenance of the homeostasis. Basically, a thick ciliated structure of the airway epithelium has a major function in mucus secretion, whereas, alveolar epithelium which forms a thin barrier covered by surfactant has a function in gas exchange. Following this line, we will try to reveal whether or not the chronic bronchitis and emphysema, being two pathological phenotypes in COPD, could originate in two different types of epithelium. In addition, this review focuses on the role of lung epithelium in COPD pathology, and summarises underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutics.

© 2018 Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. All rights reserved. This clinical observation emphasizes the importance of a clear interaction between radiologists and surgeons within the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Materials and methods. Patient A, 15 years old, was admitted to the thoracic department of the Faculty Surgery Clinic of the Sechenov University with complaints of dry cough, constant pain, uncomfortable sensations and edema in the left chest half, dyspnoea within physical exercises. Results. Based on the patient's complaints, the history of the present disease, data of subjective and objective investigation methods, the patient was diagnosed with a spontaneous primary left-sided pneumothorax complicated by the growing intermuscular emphysema. Controled by X-ray, the patient's pleural cavity was drained with subsequent air aspiration. Conclusion. The observation confirms the high information value of radiology diagnostic methods: thoracic X-ray and computed tomography. These methods allowed checking the effectiveness of each treatment stage, to diagnose such complication of primary spontaneous pneumothorax-increasing intermuscular emphysema and timely performing adequate surgical treatment.

© 2018 Medical Education. All rights reserved. Clinical signs and course of pulmonary disease of Fedor M. Dostoevskiy (1821 - 1881) has been analyzed in the article on the basis of memoirs of contemporaries and physicians who followed the writer up to the end of his life. Diagnostic hypotheses of the disease and the cause of death have been discussed.