Comparative Study of the Characteristics of the P300 Wave and the Event-Related θ Rhythm in Schizophrenia and Personality Disorders
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01.01.2021 |
Bochkarev V.K.
Solnceva S.V.
Kirenskaya A.V.
Tkachenko A.A.
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Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology |
10.1007/s11055-020-01030-w |
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© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Objectives. The amplitude and latency of the P300 wave are regarded as basic neurophysiological correlates in studies of cognitive functions. The characteristics of the event-related θ rhythm recorded in the same time period as the P300 wave are less well studied. The aim of the present work was to carry out a complex assessment of the neurophysiological parameters of cognitive processes in health and various degrees of cognitive dysfunction in patients with personality disorders, schizotypal disorders, and schizophrenia. Materials and methods. A total of 124 subjects were studied: 44 healthy subjects (normal), 40 patients with schizophrenia, 22 patients with personality disorder, and 18 with schizotypal disorder. Studies used a probabilistic presentation of significant and non-significant auditory signals. P300 amplitude and latency were determined for each subject, along with power and paired coherence in the event-related θ rhythm, on presentation of significant stimuli. Results and conclusions. All patients, as compared with healthy subjects, were found to have a tendency to decreases in P300 amplitude and increases in latency, with reductions in the power and coherence of the event-related θ rhythm. In schizophrenia, this trend was spatially generalized, while changes in personality disorder and schizotypal disorders were mostly localized and did not reach statistical significance on between-group comparisons. These data may be evidence of gradual weakening of cognitive functions going from normal through schizotypal disorder and personality disorder to schizophrenia, which may correspond to decreases in insight and the ability to foresee the consequences of actions.
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Comparative Study of the Characteristics of the P300 Wave and the Event-Related θ Rhythm in Schizophrenia and Personality Disorders
|
01.01.2021 |
Bochkarev V.K.
Solnceva S.V.
Kirenskaya A.V.
Tkachenko A.A.
|
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology |
10.1007/s11055-020-01030-w |
0 |
Ссылка
© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Objectives. The amplitude and latency of the P300 wave are regarded as basic neurophysiological correlates in studies of cognitive functions. The characteristics of the event-related θ rhythm recorded in the same time period as the P300 wave are less well studied. The aim of the present work was to carry out a complex assessment of the neurophysiological parameters of cognitive processes in health and various degrees of cognitive dysfunction in patients with personality disorders, schizotypal disorders, and schizophrenia. Materials and methods. A total of 124 subjects were studied: 44 healthy subjects (normal), 40 patients with schizophrenia, 22 patients with personality disorder, and 18 with schizotypal disorder. Studies used a probabilistic presentation of significant and non-significant auditory signals. P300 amplitude and latency were determined for each subject, along with power and paired coherence in the event-related θ rhythm, on presentation of significant stimuli. Results and conclusions. All patients, as compared with healthy subjects, were found to have a tendency to decreases in P300 amplitude and increases in latency, with reductions in the power and coherence of the event-related θ rhythm. In schizophrenia, this trend was spatially generalized, while changes in personality disorder and schizotypal disorders were mostly localized and did not reach statistical significance on between-group comparisons. These data may be evidence of gradual weakening of cognitive functions going from normal through schizotypal disorder and personality disorder to schizophrenia, which may correspond to decreases in insight and the ability to foresee the consequences of actions.
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Developing zebrafish experimental animal models relevant to schizophrenia
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01.10.2019 |
Demin K.
Meshalkina D.
Volgin A.
Yakovlev O.
de Abreu M.
Alekseeva P.
Friend A.
Lakstygal A.
Zabegalov K.
Amstislavskaya T.
Strekalova T.
Bao W.
Kalueff A.
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Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews |
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.017 |
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© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Schizophrenia is a severely debilitating, lifelong psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1% of global population. The pathobiology of schizophrenia remains poorly understood, necessitating further translational research in this field. Experimental (animal) models are becoming indispensable for studying schizophrenia-related phenotypes and pro/antipsychotic drugs. Mounting evidence suggests the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a useful tool to model various phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia. In addition to their complex robust behaviors, zebrafish possess high genetic and physiological homology to humans, and are also sensitive to drugs known to reduce or promote schizophrenia clinically. Here, we summarize findings on zebrafish application to modeling schizophrenia, as well as discuss recent progress and remaining challenges in this field. We also emphasize the need in further development and wider use of zebrafish models for schizophrenia to better understand its pathogenesis and enhance the search for new effective antipsychotics.
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Morphology of the palate, palatal rugae pattern, and dental arch form in patients with schizophrenia
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01.09.2019 |
Franco R.
Mobile R.
Filla C.
Sbalqueiro R.
de Lima A.
Silva R.
Paranhos L.
Tanaka O.
Turkina A.
Franco A.
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Special Care in Dentistry |
10.1111/scd.12408 |
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© 2019 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the morphology of the palate, palatal rugae pattern, and dental arch form in patients with schizophrenia. Methods and results: An observational case-control study was designed following the STROBE statement and checklist. The sample consisted of 132 patients (39 diagnosed with schizophrenia and 93 controls). Dental casts of the patients were classified based on the pattern of their palatal rugae, their dental arch form, and the area of their palate. The palatal rugae in patients with schizophrenia had a more random distribution and shape compared to the control group (P =.027). Oval dental arches were the most prevalent in both groups (P =.473). The palate area was slightly larger in the control group (3.2318 ± 0.549 mm2) compared with the group of patients with schizophrenia (3.060 ± 0.470 mm2) (P =.090). Conclusion: Palatal rugae pattern may feature as a potential minor physical anomaly for schizophrenia. Additional studies with alternative sampling and classification systems are necessary to understand this finding and its applications in practice.
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Stress-induced depression and reactive schizophrenia
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02.01.2018 |
Smulevich A.
Germanova K.
Chitlova V.
Voronova E.
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International Journal of Culture and Mental Health |
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© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. A number of concepts exist which reveal an interaction between endogenous and psychogenic factors in stress-induced disorders in patients with schizophrenia. These concepts relate to psychological, pathophysiological, and sociological aspects of the problem. In this study we look at the respective states described within the clinical concept of reactive schizophrenia. Materials: Fifty clinical cases were included: 32 females and 18 males, mean age 38.6 ± 12.5. Thirty-three patients (66%) had a diagnosis of ‘schizophrenia’, 17 patients (34%) were diagnosed with ‘schizotypal personality disorder’ according to DSM-5 criteria. The performed examination included a clinical interview, analysis of the current clinical state, analysis of the medical history. Results: From the perspective of concept of ‘reactive schizophrenia’, the subjects of our study can be split into two groups based on their mechanism of development and psychogenic vs. endogenous contributions. These two groups may be characterized as ‘psychogenic provocation of a schizophreniform disorder’ and ‘endogenous provocation of a psychogenic disorder’ respectively. Conclusions: The results observed made it possible to re-establish the hypothesis of ‘reactive schizophrenia’. The principal feature is the specific interaction between endogenous and psychogenic factors, i.e. the psychogenic provocation of endogenous disorders.
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Typical and atypical antipsychotics: How significant are the differences?
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01.01.2018 |
Sivolap Y.
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Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psihiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova |
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© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. A number of frequently discussed issues of clinical psychiatry include comparing the advantages and disadvantages of typical and atypical antipsychotics. It is believed that atypical antipsychotics are less likely to cause extrapyramidal disorders and have a more significant effect on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia compared to typical drugs. However, many randomized controlled and cohort studies, as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses carried out on their basis, allow questioning the superiority of second-generation antipsychotics over their predecessors, in particular in terms of tolerability. Current scientific evidence provides sufficient evidence for the clinical use of chlorpromazine and other traditional antipsychotics, along with more recent medicines.
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Personality disorders and schizophrenic defect (problem of comorbidity)
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01.01.2018 |
Smulevich A.
Dubnitskaya E.
Lobanova V.
Voronova E.
Zhylin V.
Kolyutskaya E.
Samoilova E.
Sorokina O.
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Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psihiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova |
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© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Objective. To test the main hypothesis that the deficit phenomena in schizophrenia act not in the «pure» form, but in the form of aggravating personality characteristics, forming so-called «common» syndromes with personality disorders (PD). Material and methods. The results of the psychopathological study (with the use of psychometric methods) of deficit disorders in a sample of 170 patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (63 men, 107 women) are presented in relation to the abnormal structure of premorbid personality (PD of clusters A, B, C). An analysis of negative symptoms according to the comparability of defect to the profile of premorbid personality made it possible to distinguish three groups of deficit states associated with PD - «common syndromes»: defensive schizoidy by the type of deficit schizoid and expansive schizoidy by the type of «verschroben» (cluster A); pathological hysterical infantilism, malignant hysteria and defective erotomania (cluster B); pseudo-psychasthenia and pathological rationalism (cluster C). Results. It has been found that the symptomatology of «common syndromes» is subject to patterns reflecting the dichotomy of the basic defect. This pattern is valid not only for one single cluster of PD, but extends to all psychopathy- like disorders, regardless of their affiliation with a particular cluster. The pathocharacterological component of the «common syndromes» coexisting with the deficit symptom complexes is subject to the basic deficit component of the defect and is separated into polar dimensions (defensive-expansive) within specific clusters of PD, and then unified in accordance with the dichotomy of schizophrenic defect in categories with the predominance of emotional or apathoabulic disorders. Conclusion. ?sychopathy-like symptom complexes in the space of «common syndromes» can be qualified as a psychopathological construct secondary to basic deficit disorders, and their isolation as an independent entity of negative disorders appears to be unjustified.
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