Репозиторий Университета

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd The 1986 accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant led to large-scale changes in the environmental situation. The purpose of our study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the morphological states of the dentition of individuals living in regions exposed to radiation to determine the groups at risk for the main classes of dental anomalies. We believe our results will support the development of a differentiated system for dental rehabilitation and follow-up of individuals exposed to radiation. The prevalence rate of dental anomalies was studied in 1,889 patients of both sexes divided by age in accordance with dentition formation stages and by regions of residence in accordance with the 137Cs soil-contamination level. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the number of patients with normal dentition for their age among those who had been exposed to prenatal radiation. A sharp increase in combined dental anomalies was revealed in patients who lived in regions with a137Cs soil-contamination level ranging from 555 to 1665 GBq/km2; concomitantly, multidirectional fluctuations were observed in the numbers of tooth and occlusion anomalies. Among the examined population, the most severe pathology of the oral organs was found in prenatally irradiated patients (born between April 26, 1986, and April 30, 1987). The prevalence of dental anomalies is interrelated not only with the level of radioactive contamination in the soil of the dwelling area, but also with the age of the surveyed individuals at the moment of the accident.

© 2018 Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology.All right reserved. Purpose: To analyze and organize the basic techniques to reduce radiation exposure to patients with computed tomography (CT) scan of the head, chest, abdomen and pelvis. Materials and methods: The analysis of publications was carried out on the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine and RINC. Results: The variants of the use of CT of the head, chest, heart, abdominal and pelvic organs in multidisciplinary institutions with different methods of reducing the dose burden on patients have been analyzed. Conclusion: The factors used to reduce the dose for CT can be systematized in three main ways: 1) methods that depend on the attending physician, radiologist and CT staff; 2) parameters of the research protocol; 3) features of CT-devices and software. Considering the factors reducing the radiation dose of patients in support of the need for CT examination, choice of parameters of the CT protocol, CT devices and software allows to significantly reduce the radiation burden on patients (by 10-78%) without compromising the quality of CT images. The development of methods to reduce the dose of irradiation of patients is extremely urgent, especially in screening, multiple CT studies and CT with contrast.