Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group.All right reserved. Objective. This study aimed to assess the cognitive functions and cerebral blood flow measured with arterial spin labeling (ASL) and their possible correlations with vascular age in untreated middle-aged patients with grade 1-2 essential arterial hypertension (EAH). Methods. We examined 73 subjects aged 40-59 years (33 with EAH and 40 healthy volunteers [controls]). Neuropsychological assessment included Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making test (part A and part B), Stroop Color and Word Test, verbal fluency test (phonemic verbal fluency and semantic verbal fluency), 10-item word list learning task. All subjects underwent brain MRI. MRI protocol included ASL. Vascular age was calculated by two techniques-using Framingham Heart Study risk tables and SCORE project scales. Results. Patients with EAH had lower performance on phonemic verbal fluency test and lower mean MoCA score (29.2±1.4 vs. 28.1±1.7 points) compared to controls (13.4±3.2, p=0.002; 29.2±1.4, p=0.001, respectively). White matter hyperintensities (WMH) were present in 7.5 % controls and in 51.5 % EAH patients (p=0.0002). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in EAH patients was lower in both right (39.1±5.6 vs. 45.8±3.2 ml/100 g/min) and left frontal lobes of the brain (39.2±6.2 45.2±3.6 ml/100 g/min, respectively) compared to controls (p<0.001). EAH patients without WMH had lower CBF compared to controls (right frontal lobe: 39.5±5.1 ml/100 g/min, p=0.0002; left frontal lobe: 38.9±4.3 ml/100 g/min, p=0.00002). In EAH patients vascular age (57.7±7.4 and 64.6±11.0 years as measured by SCORE project scales and Framingham Heart Study risk tables, respectively) was significantly (p<0.001) greater than chronological one (50.2±6.2 years) and was significantly (p<0.001) higher than the corresponding values in the control group. Correlation analysis revealed negative significant associations between vascular age and MoCA score, phonemic verbal fluency test score and CBF. Conclusions. Treatment-naive middle-aged patients with uncomplicated grade 1-2 EAH compared to normotensive controls have lower mean scores in phonemic fluency test and MoCA, lower CBF, even in the absence of WMH, which correlates with vascular age, particularly with the value calculated by Framingham Heart Study risk tables. Early vascular ageing is important factor of brain impairment in hypertension in middle-aged patients even at early stages of EAH.

© 2018 Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology.All right reserved. Purpose: This article is dedicated to analysis of use PET-CT with 18F-FDG for the last 10 years. Determining the presence of metastasis in regional lymph nodes and distant sites in endometrial cancer is an important diagnostic step aimed at the choice of treatment tactics and improvement of surgical treatment results. If the process is beyond the uterus itself, it significantly worsens the prognosis of survival. In addition, in these cases, it is necessary to change the treatment and surgical tactics. Determination of stage 1 and 2 of the process gives an optimistic prognosis for the survival of patients. Currently, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and, to a much lesser extent, computed tomography are used to assess the prevalence of the process. The diagnostic value of these methods according to some authors does not exceed 66-73%. In this regard, it is justified to work on finding more reliable methods that will more accurately determine the presence of metastatic disease in, both regional lymph nodes and distant organs. One of such promising methods is the use of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT), using as radiotracer 18 - fluorodeoxyglucose. This article is a review of the scientific literature on this problem over the past 10 years and is devoted to the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT with 18F-FDG.

© 2018 Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. All rights reserved. Purpose. The literature data and the results of our own research, which demonstrate the possibilities of using radiological research methods for the analysis of the lungs lesions in deceased patients, are presented. It is shown that the postmortem computed tomography (CT) allows to identify abnormalities of the chest bones, as well as to establish the presence, precise localization and volume of gas and air accumulations, including pneumothorax. The literature data on the comparison of postmortem CT lung characteristics, including the density of their tissue, with data of histological examination of lung preparations and causes of death in adult patients, are presented. It is noted that postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more expedient for the detection of the lungs pathology in dead fetuses and deceased newborns. The possibilities of postmortem MRI for the diagnosis of congenital pneumonia, hemorrhages in the lung tissue, pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, as well as for differential diagnosis of stillbirth and the death of a living newborn are shown. Differential diagnostic signs of pulmonary artery thromboembolism and postmortem blood clots are indicated. The possibilities of postmortem CT and MRI for noninvasive determination of the sizes and weight of the lungs, including for assessment of pulmonary hypoplasia in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, are described. It is concluded that the postmortem radiological methods of investigation can be used to analyze of the lung lesions and determine the causes of death. The combined use of CT and MRI is recommended for a full analysis. It is emphasized that postmortem radiological examination can not be an alternative to pathological and forensic autopsy. Radiological methods should be used as a supplement to the autopsy, including as a kind of "guide" for a better definition of pathological processes during the autopsy.

© Bionika Media Ltd. Background. Ovarian cancer develops from benign tumors in 80% of cases during long-term follow-up. According to the literature, the incidence of giant ovarian cystadenoma is extremely low. There are difficulties in verifying these ovarian tumors. Description. The paper describes a rare clinical case of a 54-year-old patient with giant ovarian cystadenoma. It depicts the patient’s clinical, medical history, laboratory, and instrumental data and demonstrates the technical complexities of surgery and the features of postoperative management. Conclusion. The early diagnosis and timely treatment of ovarian tumors will be able to avoid technically difficult surgical interventions and to minimize postoperative complications, which will substantially improve the prognosis of the disease. Such operations should be performed by a surgeon having extensive surgical experience and high qualification.