Репозиторий Университета

© 2018; Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved. Congenital uropathies (CU) are anomalies associated with impaired patency of the upper and lower urinary tract and include congenital hydronephrosis, megaureter, primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), infravesical obstruction with prevalence in the pediatric population up to 1,4-2,8%. The most dangerous complication of CU is the development of kidney fibrosis in 30-60% of children combined with a persistent urinary system infection (USI). The lack of effective methods for early diagnosis and evaluation of renal parenchyma fibrosis treatment efficacy dictates the need for further search for molecular indicators of kidney injury. The article describes the study of inflammation biomarkers (interleukin 6 (IL6), inertleukin 8 (IL8), interleukin 10 (IL10)) and fibrosis (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), transforming growth factor Β1 (TGFΒ1), vasculoendothelial growth factor (VEGF)) in urine in children with CU for diagnosis, monitoring and predicting the course of pathology. The study included 255 patients with various variants of CU (congenital hydronephrosis - 75, VUR - 169, infravesical obstruction - 11). The mean age of the patients was 4,3±3,2 years. The comparison group included 20 almost healthy children stratified by sex and age without USI. Biomarkers were determined by the method of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) in the dynamics of pathology. All patients had an increase in urinary levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL6, 8), even without clinical picture of USI. The increase in the concentration of MCP1 and TGFΒ1 in the urine is proportional to the degree and duration of VUR before its treatment, their content increased after 6 months after the correction of VUR and indicated the persistence of latent pyelonephritis and fibrosis progression. Molecular diagnosis of inflammation and fibrosis markers n the urine is a promising noninvasive method for assessing the pathological process in kidneys, the effectiveness and adequacy of the treatment.

© 2018 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved. The review discusses the issue of reflux nephropathy for specialists of the system of higher medical education: the article provides the definition, characterizes the epidemiology, risk factors for disease development in children with vesicoureteral reflux, causes and molecular mechanisms of renal fibrosis formation and progression in reflux nephropathy, markers for diagnosing and predicting the disease course.

© 2018 Publishing House of the Union of Pediatricians. All rights reserved. The lecture discusses the issue of reflux nephropathy for specialists of the system of higher medical education: the article provides the definition, characterizes the epidemiology, risk factors for disease development in children with vesicoureteral reflux, causes and molecular mechanisms of renal fibrosis formation and progression in reflux nephropathy, and markers for diagnosing and predicting the disease course. In order to control the retention of the lecture material, the text includes case problems and multiple-choice tests.