Репозиторий Университета

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. The review of the literature deals with the participation of Clara cells now called club cells (CCs) of the epithelium in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles in the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, precancer, and cancer of the lung, which develop in the respiratory segments. The review summarizes data on the histophysiology of CCs and their participation in the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of chronic interstitial lung diseases, pneumoconiosis, chronic obstructive diseases, adenomatosis, and adenocarcinoma of the lung. In this area, there is a bronchioloalveolar junction area (BAJA), one of the most important stem cell niches. CCs are located in the BAJA; they are progenitor tissue stem cells and play an important role in the regeneration of the epithelium of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. Pathology of CCs in the BAJA leads to the maintenance of chronic inflammation, to the destruction of the lung elastic frame, and to impaired epithelial regeneration, interstitial fibrosis, and adenomatosis. In this case, decompensated inflammation, pathological regeneration, and fibrosis develop, which, along with the action of carcinogenic agents, can contribute to the accumulation of mutations and epigenetic rearrangements in the CCs, which subsequently results in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the lung.

© 2018, Bionika Media Ltd. All rights reserved. Objective. To carry out a systematic analysis of the data available in the literature on rational therapy for vaginal microbiocenotic disorders during combined antibacterial therapy to optimize the use of probiotics. Material and methods. The review includes the data of foreign and Russian articles found in the international system Pubmed. Results. The polymicrobial etiology of the inflammatory process requires combined antibacterial therapy using 2–3 antibiotics, which predisposes to dysbiotic states and the growth of opportunistic pathogens, including Candida fungi. It is advisable to prophylactically take probiotics simultaneously with the initiation of antibiotic therapy, which is more effective than the use of probiotics immediately after completion of an antibiotic therapy cycle. The vagina can be colonized by probiotic bacteria following oral administration if acid-resistant strains of lactobacilli are used. Conclusion. It is expedient to simultaneously take acid-resistant probiotic strains per os during antibiotic therapy in order to restore a normal protective flora and to suppress the opportunistic intestinal microorganisms that are able to colonize the urogenital area.

© 2018 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved. Human immuno-inflammatory diseases (IID), depending on the predominant mechanisms of immune activation, are divided into two main categories: autoimmune and autoinflammatory. It is assumed that hyperproduction of "proin-flammatory" and immunoregulatory cytokine-interleukin 1 (IL 1) largely determines the "intersection" between the mechanisms underlying autoimmunity and autoinflammation in many IID. This review discusses the role of IL1 in the pathogenesis of IID, primarily those associated with the activation of NLRP3-inflammasome, and therapeutic perspectives of IL1β inhibition with monoclonal antibodies to IL1β - canakinumab. The study of the IL1 role in the regulation of interactions between innate (TLR activation, inflammasome) and adaptive (Th1 - and Th17-types of immune response) immunity and the efficacy of IL1 inhibitors may be important in terms of decoding the patho-genetic mechanisms of IID and the development of new approaches to personalized therapy.