Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. The complex of mitochondrial protein cytochrome c (CytC) with anionic phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) plays a crucial role in the initiation of apoptosis by catalyzing lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial membranes. In our previous papers, we found that CytC and CL mixed in millimolar concentrations form a sediment showing microcrystals composed of nanospheres (Cyt-CL) of 11–12 and 8 nm in diameter. The hypothesis was proposed that Cyt-CL, having hydrophobic shell, may appear inside the membrane lipid bilayer in mitochondria and peroxidase membrane phospholipids so initiating the apoptotic cascade. In this work, Cyt-CL complex dissolved in chloroform or hexane was investigated as a model of the complex in mitochondrial membranes. We used dynamic light scattering method to measure the size of the particles. The analysis of particles size distribution of Cyt-CL in chloroform allows to reveal three dominant diameters of 12.1 ± 1.4, 7.8 ± 1.0, and 4.7 ± 0.7 nm. The first two values are closed to those, earlier obtained with small-angle X-ray scattering method in Cyt-CL microcrystals, 11.1 ± 1.0 and 8.0 ± 0.7 nm. CL extracted in chloroform-methanol forms a real solution of particles with diameter of 0.7 ± 0.1 nm. In methanol-water phase, CL and CL + CytC mixture form particles of 83.7 ± 9.8 and 71.3 ± 11.6 nm, respectively. Apparently, cardiolipin in 50% methanol forms single-layer liposomes regardless of the presence of CytC in the medium. Partial unfolding of CytC in the complex was evidenced by (a) appearance of fluorescence of tyrosine and tryptophan residues and (b) disappearance of the absorption band at 699 nm due to breakdown of heme iron – methionine bond > F⋯S(Met80). In hydrophobic solvent Cyt-CL exhibited quasi-lipoperoxidase and lipoxygenase activity as was shown in kinetic measurements of chemiluminescence enhanced by coumarin C-525, a selective sensitizer of chemiluminescence, associated with reactions of lipid peroxyl radicals. Our data in this model system do not contradict the hypothesis (Vladimirov, Y.A. et al. Biochemistry (Mosc) 78, 1086–1097) that nanospheres of Cyt-CL complex, embedded into the lipid phase of mitochondrial membrane, catalyze lipid peroxidation, thereby initiating apoptosis.

© 2018 The Authors. We studied minor variants within two tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) populations with a common ancestor: the mouse brain-adapted variant EK-328c and the tick-adapted variant M. High-throughput sequencing with custom amplicons from RTPCR viral RNA was performed on Illumina MiSeq 2*250 paired-end v2 chemistry. Using the LowFreq program (default settings) and Sanger-sequenced consensus as a reference, variants with an abundance of 1% and above within the studied populations were identified. Using the obtained data in the context of our previous studies, we concluded that TBEV variants, which are different from the major population phenotype and can become a major part of the viral population under favourable environmental conditions, can exist at abundances of less than 1% in the long-term. The comparison of our data with the literature allowed us to conclude that the laboratory variant EK-328c and variant M have similar SNV counts to TBEV variants from natural populations and some fast-evolving RNA viruses.

© Authors. The present study was conducted in Semnan Science and Technology Park and aimed to analyze the relationship among intellectual property rights, open innovation, and organizational performance of 30 New Technology Based Firms (NTBFs). Senior managers, middle managers, and business owners were considered as appropriate respondents for study. A total of 140 questionnaires were distributed among the respondents, and 126 filled questionnaires were returned. The research method used in this study is descriptive-correlation and the analysis was carried out utilizing Structural Equation Modeling. The factors analysis and the findings show that intellectual property rights have a significant positive relationship with open innovation. Further, open innovation has a significant positive relationship with organizational performance. Moreover, no significant relationship between intellectual property rights and organizational performance was established. But, intellectual property rights affect organizational performance positively, through open innovation acting as a mediator.

Мы изучили незначительные варианты в двух популяциях вируса клещевого энцефалита (TBEV) с общим предком: адаптированный к мозгу вариант EK-328c и адаптированный к клещу вариант M. Высокопроизводительное секвенирование с помощью пользовательских ампликонов из вирусной РНК ОТ-ПЦР был выполнен на химии Illumina MiSeq 2 * 250 парный конец v2. Используя программу LowFreq (настройки по умолчанию) и последовательный консенсус Сангера в качестве эталона, были идентифицированы варианты с изобилием 1% и выше в исследуемых популяциях. Используя полученные данные в контексте наших предыдущих исследований, мы пришли к выводу, что варианты TBEV, которые отличаются от основного популяционного фенотипа и могут стать основной частью вирусной популяции при благоприятных условиях окружающей среды, могут существовать в количестве менее 1% в долгосрочной перспективе.

Мы изучили незначительные варианты в двух популяциях вируса клещевого энцефалита (TBEV) с общим предком: адаптированный к мозгу вариант EK-328c и адаптированный к клещу вариант M. Высокопроизводительное секвенирование с помощью пользовательских ампликонов из вирусной РНК ОТ-ПЦР был выполнен на химии Illumina MiSeq 2 * 250 парный конец v2. Используя программу LowFreq (настройки по умолчанию) и последовательный консенсус Сангера в качестве эталона, были идентифицированы варианты с изобилием 1% и выше в исследуемых популяциях. Используя полученные данные в контексте наших предыдущих исследований, мы пришли к выводу, что варианты TBEV, которые отличаются от основного популяционного фенотипа и могут стать основной частью вирусной популяции при благоприятных условиях окружающей среды, могут существовать в количестве менее 1% в долгосрочной перспективе.