Репозиторий Университета

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Human populations are chronically exposed to mixtures of toxic chemicals. Predicting the health effects of these mixtures require a large amount of information on the mode of action of their components. Xenobiotic metabolism by bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract has a major influence on human health. Our review aims to explore the literature for studies looking to characterize the different modes of action and outcomes of major chemical pollutants, and some components of cosmetics and food additives, on gut microbial communities in order to facilitate an estimation of their potential mixture effects. We identified good evidence that exposure to heavy metals, pesticides, nanoparticles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and non-caloric artificial sweeteners affect the gut microbiome and which is associated with the development of metabolic, malignant, inflammatory, or immune diseases. Answering the question ‘Who is there?’ is not sufficient to define the mode of action of a toxicant in predictive modeling of mixture effects. Therefore, we recommend that new studies focus to simulate real-life exposure to diverse chemicals (toxicants, cosmetic/food additives), including as mixtures, and which combine metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metabolomic analytical methods achieving in that way a comprehensive evaluation of effects on human health.

© 2018 Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. Post-partum depression arises following pregnancy and childbirth, it is a severe disorder threatening the wellbeing of both mother and baby. In the affected families, there is a higher risk of the child's impaired emotional, social and cognitive development. Post-partum depression is one of the most common complications of the postnatal period. The disease prevalence varies from 6.5 to 12.9% and more in countries with low and middle levels of income and life. We analysed 62 Russian and worldwide literature sources published in the PubMed, Google Scholar databases and in Russian medical periodicals over the period 2002-2017 on this theme, we also translated the original Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. This systematic review presents current ideas of the causes of postpartum depressions, methods of treatment and prevention.

© 2018 Stavropol State Medical University. All rights reserved. The review presents data on the relationship of intestinal dysbiosis with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the possibility of modulation of the intestinal microbiota (MB) in IBS therapy. It is shown that imbalance of MB caused by the influence of diet, antibiotics or other exogenous factors leads to gastrointestinal disorders, in particular, to the development of IBS. The data are presented that the modulation of MB with the help of prebiotics, antibiotics, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation has a positive therapeutic effect in patients with IBS.