Репозиторий Университета

© 2019 The Author(s). Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity has become a pandemic problem, and dietary patterns are one of the important factors causing obesity. Although the correlation between dietary patterns and obesity has been well explored, the gender difference on the association between dietary patterns and obesity remains unclear. The objective of this study examined whether gender difference existed in the relationship of dietary patterns with metabolic parameters and specific indices of adiposity among young and middle-aged adults with dyslipidemia and abnormal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in Taiwan. Methods: A total of 14,087 subjects aged between 20 and 50 years with dyslipidemia and abnormal FPG were recruited in Taiwan between 2001 and 2010 for a cross-sectional study. Dyslipidemia was defined primarily according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines with minor modification. Abnormal FPG level was defined by the American Diabetes Association. Principal component analysis was conducted to identify dietary patterns. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of dietary patterns and metabolic parameters with different indices of adiposity including general obesity, central obesity, and high body fat, stratified by gender. Results: Two dietary patterns derived from principal component analysis were the prudent dietary pattern and the western dietary pattern. Both men and women in the highest quartile of the western dietary pattern had a significantly increased odds ratio of general obesity, central obesity, and high body fat. However, only male subjects in the higher quartiles of the prudent dietary pattern had a significantly decreased odds ratio of all indices of obesity. Both men and women with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels had a significantly reduced odds ratio of general and central obesity, while those with higher triglycerides and FPG levels had a significantly increased odds ratio of general and central obesity. Higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly associated with an elevated odds ratio of high body fat, while higher total cholesterol level was significantly correlated with a reduced odds ratio of high body fat only in women. Conclusions: Gender difference exists in the association of dietary patterns and metabolic parameters with obesity and body fat in young and middle-aged adults with dyslipidemia and abnormal FPG in Taiwan.

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. This study investigated different dietary strategies, high-fat (HFd), or standard diet (Sd) alone or in combination with standardized Aronia melanocarpa extract (SAE), as a polyphenol-rich diet, and their effects on lipids and fatty acids (FA) in rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two groups: healthy and rats with MetS, and then depending on dietary patterns on six groups: healthy rats fed with Sd, healthy rats fed with Sd and SAE, rats with MetS fed with HFd, rats with MetS fed with HFd and SAE, rats with MetS fed with Sd, and rats with MetS fed with Sd and SAE. 4 weeks later, after an overnight fast (12–14 h), blood for determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), index of lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS), and FA was collected. Increased FA and lipid concentration found in MetS rats were reduced when changing dietary habits from HFd to Sd with or without SAE consumption. Consumption of SAE slightly affects the FA profiles, mostly palmitoleic acid in healthy rats and PUFA in MetS + HFd rats. Nevertheless, in a high-fat diet, SAE supplementation significantly decreases n-6/n-3 ratio, thereby decreasing systemic inflammation. Further researches are warranted to confirm these effects in humans.

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Diet plays an important role in the development of obesity and may contribute to dysregulated iron metabolism (DIM). A cross-sectional survey of 208 adults was conducted in Taipei Medical University Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan). A reduced-rank regression from 31 food groups was used for a dietary pattern analysis. DIM was defined as at least four of the following criteria: serum hepcidin (men >200 ng/mL and women >140 ng/mL), hyperferritinemia (serum ferritin of >300 ng/mL in men and >200 ng/mL in women), central obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and two or more abnormal metabolic profiles. Compared to non-DIM patients, DIM patients were associated with an altered body composition and had a 4.52-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): (1.95–10.49); p < 0.001) greater risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) after adjusting for covariates. A DIM-associated dietary pattern (high intake of deep-fried food, processed meats, chicken, pork, eating out, coffee, and animal fat/skin but low intake of steamed/boiled/raw foods and dairy products) independently predicted central obesity (odds ratio (OR): 1.57; 95% CI: 1.05–2.34; p < 0.05) and MetS (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.07–3.35; p < 0.05). Individuals with the highest DIM pattern scores (tertile 3) had a higher visceral fat mass (%) (β = 0.232; 95% CI: 0.011–0.453; p < 0.05) but lower skeletal muscle mass (%) (β = −1.208; 95% CI: −2.177–−0.239; p < 0.05) compared to those with the lowest DIM pattern scores (tertile 1). In conclusion, a high score for the identified DIM-associated dietary pattern was associated with an unhealthier body composition and a higher risk of MetS.