Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Objectives: To describe characteristics of the drug policy in Russia in terms of health technology assessment (HTA), registries of patients, pricing of drugs, cost-containment methods, and reimbursement of drugs. Methods: The legal and regulatory frameworks and the literature were reviewed to analyze several aspects of Russian healthcare: the scheme of cooperation between its structures, its levels, drug provision, issues related to HTA, the reimbursement system, pricing of medicines, and cost-containment methods. Results: The Russian drug policy has improved over the last few years: HTA has been developed, rules for the pricing of drugs and cost-containment methods have been established, and registries of patients have been created. The reimbursement system in Russia is different from the ones in Western Europe and consists of a few programs: reimbursement for specific categories of citizens, vital and essential drug list, list of 24 orphan diseases, list of 7 nosologies, and other programs, depending on region. Financing for drug provision in Russia is divided into 2 levels: federal and regional. There is still a lack of transparency and equality in healthcare as well as huge differences in access to healthcare, depending on region. Conclusions: The healthcare system in Russia is complicated and needs improvement. Nowadays, changes are being made; for example, there are attempts to implement HTA at federal and regional levels.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. The relevance of the investigation is due to the need to optimize the system for the primary prevention of drug addiction and use because of its insufficient efficiency in the Russian Federation. This problem is manifested in the low awareness of the population, primarily young people, about the negative consequences of the use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and about the high associated risk of their involvement in the use of narcotics, including new types of psychotropic substances (synthetic narcotics). In this connection, the aim of our investigation was to develop a method for determining the potential efficiency of measures for the primary prevention of drug addiction and use, by applying mathematical modeling. The Kermak - McKendrick epidemic model of the susceptible infected removed (SIR) - like type was used as a basis to build a drug use spread model that represented as transition of groups of individuals from one state to another in relation to drug use. This gave rise to a simulation model estimating the magnitude of a drug use reduction in the risk group in relation to the initial one if varying effective preventive measures were implemented. The drug abuse scenario in case of effective measures was analyzed. Enhancing the effectiveness of measures for primary prevention of drug addiction was shown to lead to a stronger rather than linear decline in the size of a group at risk for drug and in the number of drug users. This model may be used to prepare programs, strategies for the primary prevention of drug addiction to evaluate their potential effectiveness.