Репозиторий Университета

Background: It remains unclear whether alcohol use disorders (AUDs) can be characterized by specific levels of average daily alcohol consumption. The aim of the current study was to model the distributions of average daily alcohol consumption among those who consume alcohol and those with alcohol dependence, the most severe AUD, using various clustering techniques. Methods: Data from Wave 1 and Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions were used in the current analyses. Clustering algorithms were applied in order to group a set of data points that represent the average daily amount of alcohol consumed. Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) were then used to estimate the likelihood of a data point belonging to one of the mixture distributions. Individuals were assigned to the clusters which had the highest posterior probabilities from the GMMs, and their treatment utilization rate was examined for each of the clusters. Results: Modeling alcohol consumption via clustering techniques was feasible. The clusters identified did not point to alcohol dependence as a separate cluster characterized by a higher level of alcohol consumption. Among both females and males with alcohol dependence, daily alcohol consumption was relatively low. Conclusions: Overall, we found little evidence for clusters of people with the same drinking distribution, which could be characterized as clinically relevant for people with alcohol use disorders as currently defined.

© 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Background: Epidemiologic studies that investigated alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of bladder cancer (BCa) have demonstrated inconsistent results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to investigate the association of alcohol including different types of alcoholic beverages consumption with the risk of BCa. Materials and methods: A systematic search of Web of Science, Medline/PubMed and Cochrane library was performed in May 2018. Studies were considered eligible if they assessed the risk of BCa due to alcohol consumption (moderate or heavy dose) and different types of alcoholic beverages (moderate or heavy dose) in multivariable analysis in the general population (all genders, males or females) or compared with a control group of individuals without BCa. Study design: observational cohorts or case–control. Results: Sixteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Moderate and heavy alcohol consumption did not increase the risk of BCa in the entire population. Sub-group and sensitivity analyses revealed that heavy alcohol consumption increased significantly the risk of BCa in the Japanese population, RR 1.31 (95% CI 1.08–1.58, P < 0.01) in the multivariable analysis, and in males RR of 1.50 (95% CI 1.18–1.92, P < 0.01), with no significant statistical heterogeneity. Moreover, heavy consumption of spirits drinks increased the risk of BCa in males, RR 1.42 (95% CI 1.15–1.75, P < 0.01). Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, moderate and heavy alcohol consumption did not increase the risk of bladder cancer significantly. However, heavy consumption of alcohol might increase the risk of BCa in males and in some specific populations.