The 808 nm and 980 nm infrared laser irradiation affects spore germination and stored calcium homeostasis: A comparative study using delivery hand-pieces with standard (Gaussian) or flat-top profile
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01.10.2019 |
Ferrando S.
Agas D.
Mirata S.
Signore A.
De Angelis N.
Ravera S.
Utyuzh A.
Parker S.
Sabbieti M.
Benedicenti S.
Amaroli A.
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Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology |
10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111627 |
0 |
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© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Photobiomodulation relies on the transfer of energy from incident photons to a cell photoacceptor. For many years the concept of photobiomodulation and its outcome has been based upon a belief that the sole receptor within the cell was the mitochondrion. Recently, it has become apparent that there are other photoacceptors operating in different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Alternative photoacceptors would appear to be water and mechanisms regulating calcium homeostasis, despite a direct effect of laser photonic energy on intracellular calcium concentration outwith mitochondrial activity or influence, have not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, to increase the knowledge of intracellular‑calcium and laser photon interaction, as well as to demonstrate differences in irradiation profiles with modern hand-pieces, we tested and compared the photobiomodulatory effect of 808 nm and 980 nm diode laser light by low- and higher-energy (60s, 100 mW/cm2, 100 mW/cm2, 500 mW/cm2, 1000 mW/cm2, 1500 mW/cm2, 2000 mW/cm2) irradiated with a “standard” (Gaussian fluence distribution) hand-piece or with a “flat-top” (uniform fluence) hand-piece. For this purpose, we used the eukaryote unicellular-model Dictyostelium discoideum. The 808 nm and 980 nm infrared laser light, at the energy tested directly affect the stored Ca2+ homeostasis, independent of the mitochondrial respiratory chain activities. From an organism perspective, the effect on Ca2+-dependent signal transduction as the regulator of spore germination in Dictyostelium, demonstrates how a cell can respond quickly to the correct laser photonic stimulus through a different cellular pathway than the known light-chromophore(mitochondria) interaction. Additionally, both hand-piece designs tested were able to photobiomodulate the D. discoideum cell; however, the hand-piece with a flat-top profile, through uniform fluence levels allows more effective and reproducible effects.
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1064 nm Nd:YAG laser light affects transmembrane mitochondria respiratory chain complexes
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01.09.2019 |
Ravera S.
Ferrando S.
Agas D.
De Angelis N.
Raffetto M.
Sabbieti M.
Signore A.
Benedicenti S.
Amaroli A.
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Journal of Biophotonics |
10.1002/jbio.201900101 |
0 |
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© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-plant-cell manipulation through a transfer of energy by means of light sources at the non-ablative or thermal intensity. Authors showed that cytochrome-c-oxidase (complex IV) is the specific chromophore's target of PBM at the red (600-700 nm) and NIR (760-900 nm) wavelength regions. Recently, it was suggested that the infrared region of the spectrum could influence other chromospheres, despite the interaction by wavelengths higher than 900 nm with mitochondrial chromophores was not clearly demonstrated. We characterized the interaction between mitochondria respiratory chain, malate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme of Krebs cycle, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the β-oxidation (two mitochondrial matrix enzymes) with the 1064 nm Nd:YAG (100mps and 10 Hz frequency mode) irradiated at the average power density of 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 W/cm2 to generate the respective fluences of 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 J/cm2. Our results show the effect of laser light on the transmembrane mitochondrial complexes I, III, IV and V (adenosine triphosphate synthase) (window effects), but not on the extrinsic mitochondrial membrane complex II and mitochondria matrix enzymes. The effect is not due to macroscopical thermal change. An interaction of this wavelength with the Fe-S proteins and Cu-centers of respiratory complexes and with the water molecules could be supposed.
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Mechanisms of laser activation of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis healing
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01.08.2018 |
Alexandrovskaya Y.
Baum O.
Shekhter A.
Petersen E.
Tiflova O.
Dmitriev A.
Ulyanov V.
Svistushkin V.
Selezneva L.
Sobol E.
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Laser Physics Letters |
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4 |
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© 2018 Astro Ltd. Lasers offer new possibilities in the treatment of such widespread diseases as osteoarthritis, with both direct and indirect effects on cell metabolism. Cyclic hydrostatic pressure is one of the main natural stimuli of cartilage chondrocytes. The present work shows that hydrostatic stimulation with magnitudes of up to 20 MPa can be realized locally through infrared impact on the neighboring media of chondrocytes. We compare indirect (thermomechanical, λ = 1560 nm) and direct (photo-modulation, λ1 = 1560 nm, λ2 = 670 nm) laser effects on the synthetic activity of chondrocytes in cultures within a 1 min exposure time limit, to study separately the photo-modulation and thermomechanical components of laser impact. The chondrocyte activity was monitored by immunohistochemical analysis in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Collagen II and proteoglycan accumulation increased significantly (up to 70%) after a pulsed thermomechanical laser impact. Thermomechanical laser irradiation showed the more pronounced stimulation in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, while the effect of photo-modulation was inhibited by oxygen concentration increase. Theoretical calculations of the laser-induced temperature and stress fields show that the spreading of the stress field with a maximum at 19.2 MPa is approximately three times greater than that of appreciable (>1 °C) heating. Thus, thermomechanical infrared stimulation of chondrocytes can be a perspective method for the restoration of hyaline-type cartilage.
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