Репозиторий Университета

© 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. In the modern world, acute respiratory viral infections are a widespread and socially significant disease. Having the similarity of structure, epidemiology and strong tropism to the respiratory tract, each causative agent of acute respiratory viral infection has its own characteristics. The most severe course with complications is characteristic of influenza. More than 200 viruses are known to cause acute respiratory viral infections. Their diversity is very great. This creates a situation when a person, having been ill with a disease caused by one virus, can immediately become infected with other viruses of this group and get sick again. For a year in the world, for an adult, 3-4 cases of the disease of acute respiratory viral infection occur. A child suffers from this infection 6-9 times during the year. 3.9 million deaths worldwide are associated with acute respiratory viral infections each year. Due to the enormous social significance of acute respiratory viral infection, the World Health Organization has launched the Battle against Respiratory Viruses initiative to combat it. Her prerequisites were problems with the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infection. It is aimed at improving diagnostic methods to differentiate viral and bacterial infections at the earliest stages of the disease, developing effective antiviral drugs for the most common viruses and safe and effective stimulants of defense mechanisms in the body. It becomes clear that acute respiratory viral infections are a diverse group of infectious diseases of the respiratory tract that have similar developmental mechanisms, epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Given that these diseases have a high contagiousness, rapid spread, a significant number of complications, especially among people at risk, they require serious and lengthy research.

© 2018 Publishing House of the Union of Pediatricians. All rights reserved. The article discusses issues related to the long-term administration of macrolide antibiotics for a bronchoectatic disorder of the pulmonary system in children. The relevant information about the results of long-term intake of macrolides in adults and children, the effective dose titration, possible toxic effects of therapy, including the development of cardiotoxic effect and ways to prevent it, has been enlightened in detail. It has been noted that a limited number of clinical studies involving children determine the need for studying the possibility to extrapolate adult treatment.

© 2018 Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. The objective. To study the level of knowledge of paediatricians on problems of antimicrobial therapy of respiratory tract infection with determination and analysis of the most common mistakes. Materials and methods. In 2016-2017, knowledge of antimicrobial therapy of respiratory tract infections in children was tested among 238 paediatricians in five cities (Yekaterinburg, Kirov, Novosibirsk, Surgut, Ufa). Testing included twenty stem questions composed according to modern clinical guidelines. Five answer choices were offered to each question, of which one or several were correct. Assessment of the results took into account both chosen and unchosen answers (maximally possible score was 100). The result of 91-100 scores was assessed as «excellent », 81-90 - «good», 71-80 - «satisfactory», 70 and less - «unsatisfactory». Results. The average score was 70.5. In different cities the average score was as follows: in Yekaterinburg - 71.7, in Kirov - 73.8, in Novosibirsk - 74, in Surgut - 69.3, in Ufa - 63.5. Only one physician's answers were assessed as «excellent» (0.42%), answers of 40 physicians were «good» (16.81%), 88 answers - «satisfactory» (36.97%) and 109 answers - «unsatisfactory» (45.8%). Conclusion. The study has shown insufficient knowledge of paediatrician on problems of antimicrobial therapy of respiratory tract infections. These data may be used in preparing educational programmes for physicians.