Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Sport-related injury patterns among Para athletes have been described with increasing frequency. This review summarizes musculoskeletal injuries in Para athletes. Seated Para athletes sustain upper extremity injuries more commonly; ambulant Para athletes frequently sustain lower extremity injuries. The upper extremity is the most commonly injured anatomic area in all Para athletes, unlike able-bodied athletes. Advanced age and spinal cord injury may increase the risk of upper extremity injury. Injury data for recreational and youth Para athletes are sparse. Summarizing current injury epidemiology data may help to accelerate the development of injury prevention strategies and lifetime injury models for Para athletes.

© 2018 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that affects mostly young and active individuals but also impacts their family members and results in significant challenges for medical care and social integration. In addition to obvious motor impairment (tetraplegia/paraplegia), these individuals also suffer from a variety of less obvious but devastating autonomic nervous system dysfunctions that negatively impact their health and affect various aspects of daily living. Physical training and sports are essential components of rehabilitation and leaser activities for people with disabilities. Number of individuals with SCI who run an active lifestyle is increasing. Physical activity puts an additional stress on various organs and body systems. The presented manuscript describes in detail cardiovascular dysfunctions in physically active individuals with a SCI, including those engaged in Paralympic sports: low resting blood pressure, orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, and the phenomenon of «autonomic dysreflexia». We also address issues related to self-induced episodes of autonomic dysreflexia in order to improve athletic performance ― a phenomenon known as «boosting». Boosting may improve sports performance in short term but is associated with the risk of serious cardiovascular disorders and even sudden death. This practice is considered as anti-doping rule violation by the International Paralympic Committee and thus prohibited. Understanding of the changes occurring in the body of a physically active individual after SCI is necessary for general practitioners, neurologists, rehabilitation specialists, sports medicine physicians, as well as for specialists of adapted physical education and sports.