Evaluation of the potential efficiency of primary prevention of drug addiction using a mathematical modeling technique
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01.01.2018 |
Korshunov V.
Gerasimov A.
Mindlina A.
Vyazovichenko Y.
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Profilakticheskaya Meditsina |
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0 |
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© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. The relevance of the investigation is due to the need to optimize the system for the primary prevention of drug addiction and use because of its insufficient efficiency in the Russian Federation. This problem is manifested in the low awareness of the population, primarily young people, about the negative consequences of the use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and about the high associated risk of their involvement in the use of narcotics, including new types of psychotropic substances (synthetic narcotics). In this connection, the aim of our investigation was to develop a method for determining the potential efficiency of measures for the primary prevention of drug addiction and use, by applying mathematical modeling. The Kermak - McKendrick epidemic model of the susceptible infected removed (SIR) - like type was used as a basis to build a drug use spread model that represented as transition of groups of individuals from one state to another in relation to drug use. This gave rise to a simulation model estimating the magnitude of a drug use reduction in the risk group in relation to the initial one if varying effective preventive measures were implemented. The drug abuse scenario in case of effective measures was analyzed. Enhancing the effectiveness of measures for primary prevention of drug addiction was shown to lead to a stronger rather than linear decline in the size of a group at risk for drug and in the number of drug users. This model may be used to prepare programs, strategies for the primary prevention of drug addiction to evaluate their potential effectiveness.
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Modern methods of diagnosing addiction to psychoactive substances: Neurophysiological aspects
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01.01.2018 |
Salakhova V.
Belinskaya D.
Erofeeva M.
Ulyanova I.
Zotova L.
Khammatova R.
Mizonova O.
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Electronic Journal of General Medicine |
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12 |
Ссылка
© 2018 by the authors; licensee Modestum Ltd., UK. Objective: The study of the features of the higher mental functions of the brain in patients suffering from addiction to psychoactive substances is very important for narcology. It is necessary not only to uncover the mechanisms of addiction, a complete understanding of the neurophysiological processes that determine the nature of the development and severity of the disease, but also to solve practical problems related to the development of treatment methods and the implementation of preventive measures. Method: In the study of patients, a specially designed map was used containing information on the hereditary and demographic characteristics, on the course of the disease, as well as on the socio-cultural status of patients. To determine the functional state of cortical activity in the process of perception of unconscious signals, a special technique was used. The obtained results were subjected to dispersive analysis and the significance of differences was calculated according to Student’s t-criterion. Results: An analysis of premorbid personality traits made it possible to establish the prevalence of instability, pathological conformity, and hysteroidal features in patients. It should be noted that a large percentage of the surveyed had a hereditary burden of alcoholism, mainly in the line of the father. Curiosity, passive submission, imitation of friends were among the motives of the first drug use. All patients in the process of addiction formed the following features: increased excitability, increasing effective disorders (depression, dysphoria), aggravated by exacerbation of craving for the drug, a decline in morals and ethics (egoism, deceit, indifference to one’s fate, hedonism, loss of sense of duty), disorders of the emotional-volitional sphere (emotional instability, hypersensitivity, vulnerability). Conclusion: The analysis of the duration of latent periods and magnitude of the amplitudes of the late positive R3OO wave in patients with heroin addiction revealed clear differences between the data obtained upon presentation of an unconscious neutral and motivationally significant word. Patients who use psychoactive substances, using the method of recording induced potentials of the brain, which is a sensitive indicator of the activity of brain structures in relation to the substance used, revealed a clear diffuse activation of the cerebral cortex in response to an unconscious verbal stimulus related to the motivation prevailing in patients, in particular to “heroin”. Such activation, as well as the difficult dying out of the developed reactions to an unconscious stimulus, indicate certain neurophysiological foundations of the mechanism underlying the changes in the motivational sphere and the stability of the pathological craving for the psychoactive substance.
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