Репозиторий Университета

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Vitamin D (25(OH)D) insufficiency and deficiency are highly prevalent in adult soccer players and can exceed 80% even in regions with high insolation; however, the treatment of this condition is often complicated. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in youth Russian soccer players and the efficacy of its treatment. Participants were 131 young male football players (age 15.6 ± 2.4 years). Low vitamin D levels (below 30 ng/mL) were observed in 42.8% of the analyzed participants. These athletes were split in two groups composed of persons with vitamin D deficiency (serum vitamin D below 21 ng/mL) and insufficiency (serum vitamin D in range of 21-29 ng/mL). A dietary supplement of 5000 IU cholecalciferol per day was administered for two months. After the treatment, an average 92% increase in vitamin D concentration was observed (before treatment—19.7 ± 5.4 ng/mL, after treatment—34.7 ± 8.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and 74% of the post-treatment values were within the reference range (30-60 ng/mL). Serum concentration of vitamin D increased by 200% ± 98% (p < 0.001) during the first month of treatment with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency being successfully treated in 83% of the football players. In summary, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency was high in young Russian soccer players. Furthermore, it was indicated that the daily usage of cholecalciferol in a dose 5000 IU was an effective and well-tolerated treatment for vitamin D insufficiency. No linear dependency between the duration of treatment and increase in vitamin 25(OH) D concentration was observed.

© 2019 by the authors. Background: Vitamin D insuffciency is prevalent among athletes, and it can negatively affect physical performance. At the same time, most of the available data were obtained from untrained individuals of various ages, and published studies performed in athletes led to contradictory conclusions. Methods: This cohort prospective study examined the serum concentration of 25-hydroxycalciferol (25(OH)D) and its association with running speed and muscle power in 131 young football players (mean age 15.6 ± 2.4 years). Results: 25(OH)D levels were below reference in 42.8% (serum 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL) and above reference in 30.5% of the participants (serum 25(OH)D 61-130 ng/mL). A comparison of the results of 5, 15, and 30 m sprint tests and the standing long jump test found no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Athletes from the 25(OH)D-insuffcient group were treated with 5000 IU cholecalciferol supplement daily for 60 days. After the treatment, the 25(OH)D concentration increased by 79.2% and was within reference in 84% of the treated athletes (serum 25(OH)D 30-60 ng/mL). Testing was repeated after the end of treatment, and a statistically significant increase in the results of the 5, 15, and 30 m sprint tests was observed (Cohen’s d was 0.46, 0.33, and 0.34, respectively), while the results of the standing long jump test remained unchanged. Body height, body weight, and lean body mass of the football players also increased. Conclusions: These findings indicate that there is likely no correlation between serum levels of 25(OH)D, muscle power, and running speed in young professional football players, and the changes observed post-treatment might have been caused by changes in the anthropometric parameters. During the study, all the anthropometric parameters changed, but the amount of lean body mass only correlated with the results of the 5 m sprint.

© 2018, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved. Modern literature data suggest that the active metabolite of vitamin D 1,25 (OH)2D is a steroid hormone with an extremely wide range of biological effects. Its role in the body is not limited to the regulation of calcium homeostasis. It has antiproliferative and differentiating effects, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, promotes the synthesis and secretion of insulin, affects the functions of the cardiovascular, muscular and nervous system, the state of fat and connective tissue, etc. Vitamin D has many targets and is involved in a variety of physiological processes, which is why its potential role as a risk factor for development or, on the contrary, a protector in a variety of diseases incl. rheumatic (RD), is actively studied. Elimination of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency should be considered an important aspect of treatment of patients with RD, as this can decrease not only the activity of autoimmune processes and inflammation, but also the risk of comorbid pathology, incl. fractures, obesity, cardiovascular pathology, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, secondary infection, including tuberculosis, etc. Children with various RD often have vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency, and for this patient group its timely detection and elimination is particularly important. Further studies are needed to develop coordinated recommendations for monitoring vitamin D sufficiency and the use of its various metabolites in the complex treatment of children with rheumatic spectrum diseases.

© 2018, EDRA S.p.A. All rights reserved. Background. Asthma is a common childhood respiratory disease, affecting around 20% of Irish children. In other populations, vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been associated with asthma risk. We aimed to investigate the association between 2 VDR polymorphisms and uncontrolled paediatric asthma. Methods. 44 asthmatic children and 57 healthy volunteers were studied. The VDR TaqI gene variant in exon 9 (T/C) (rs731236) and ApaI (rs7975232) in intron 8 (C/T) were determined, using TaqMan® Assays. The lung function, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and other biomarkers of allergy, immunity, airway and systemic inflammation were assessed. Results. The distribution of T and C alleles and genotype frequencies differed significantly between asthmatics and controls for both polymorphisms (p < 0.05). A significant association was found between both TaqI (OR = 2.37, 95% CI (1.27 - 4.45), p = 0.007) and ApaI polymorphisms, and asthma risk (OR = 2.93, 95% CI (1.62 - 5.3), p = 0.0004). No association was observed between genotypes and 25OHD levels, lung function and other biomarkers, with the exception of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and white blood cells count (WBC). IL-10 levels were lower in asthmatics with TC genotype for TaqI polymorphism (p < 0.01) and were higher in patients with TT genotype for ApaI (p < 0.01). WBC were higher in patients with TC and CC genotypes for TaqI (p < 0.05) and lower in TT genotype for ApaI (p < 0.05). Conclusion. TaqI and ApaI polymorphisms are associated with asthma in Irish children. Further studies are warranted to investigate the importance of decreased IL-10 levels in paediatric asthmatics with specific genotypes.

© 2018, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. The objective. To determine vitamin D status in children with rheumatic disease who live on the territory of Russia. Patients and methods. A pilot study was conducted that included 52 children (35 girls and 17 boys) aged 5 to 17 years (11.88 ± 0.48 years), among them 29 children with systemic connective tissue disorders (SCTD) and 23 children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). All patients underwent complex clinical-laboratory and instrumental examination in order to confirm the diagnosis and assess the patients’ health. Vitamin D status was assessed by 25(ОН)D serum levels using the method of chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results. Sufficient levels of 25(ОН)D (>30 ng/l) were found only in 5 (9.5%) children, vitamin D insufficiency (25(ОН)D 21–30 ng/l) was observed in 6 (11.5%) children, deficiency (25(ОН) <20 ng/l) in 41 (79.0%) children, among them in 7 (13.4%) it was severe (25(OH)D <10 ng/l), in spite of a long-term intake of low-doses of cholecalciferol (100–400 U/day) by 40 (76.9%) patients. Average levels of 25(ОН)D in patients with SCTD were significantly higher than in patients with JIA (20.86 ± 2.15 ng/l vs. 14.98 ± 0.91 ng/l, p = 0.0151), deficiency was more rarely found in these patients (69.0% vs. 91.3%), which was to a certain degree conditioned by more intensive vitamin D therapy. Conclusion. Insufficiency/deficiency of vitamin D is noted in an overwhelming majority of children with RD. Standard therapy with low doses of cholecalciferon offered to patients with RD is not sufficient for obtaining optimal 25(ОН)D levels and needs correction.

© Bionika Media Ltd. The author has carried out a systems analysis of the data available in the current literature on the participation of vitamin D in the physiology of bone metabolism, the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, and the possibilities of osteoporosis therapy with active vitamin D metabolites. The paper describes the mechanisms of vitamin D participation in the processes of bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis. It presents the effects of vitamin D on connective and muscle tissues. Its deficiency is shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and in the increased risk of low-trauma fractures. There are clinical trial findings that confirm the possibility of using active vitamin D metabolites for the therapy of osteoporosis and for the prevention of low-trauma fractures. Active vitamin D metabolites used alone or in combination with antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis is an effective measure to prevent low-trauma fractures and can be prescribed for menopausal osteoporosis.

© Bionika Media Ltd. Objective. To carry out a systems analysis of the data available in the current literature on the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the risk of endometriosis and reproductive cancer, as well as on the possibilities of vitamin D supplementation in order to treat and prevent these diseases. Material and methods. The review includes the data of foreign and Russian articles published in the past 10 years and found in Pubmed on this topic. Results. The paper describes the mechanisms by which vitamin D is involved in the processes of inflammation, immunomodulation, and proliferation, as well as the role of its deficiency in pathogenesis of pathological proliferation and inflammation in endometriosis, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. It gives the data of clinical trials confirming the role of vitamin D deficiency in the progression and negative effects of endometriosis and carcinogenesis, the possibility of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention and adjunct therapy of reproductive cancer and endometriosis. Conclusion. It is necessary to conduct further studies to experimentally and clinically evaluate vitamin D deficiency in endometriosis and cancer. Currently, vitamin D supplements should be prescribed to patients with this pathology if they have been found to have a low blood level of 25(OH)D3.

© Bionika Media Ltd. The authors have carried out a systems analysis of the data available in the current literature on the effect of micronutrients, such as iodine, polyunsaturated fatty acids, folic acid, and vitamin D, on a woman’s reproductive health. Due to its geographical location, climatic features, and eating habits, our country has the proven deficiency of a number of micronutrients that play an important role in the periconceptional period. These micronutrients include iodine, polyunsaturated fatty acids, folic acid, and vitamin D. The content of micronutrients should not exceed the physiological daily requirement in the basic complexes intended for the prevention of deficiency, The excessive content of components can cause undesirable reactions and contribute to the allergization of newborns. In clinically pronounced deficiency, the basal complex can be combined with a monocomponent vitamin preparation for the targeted correction of vitamin and mineral status.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group.All Rights Reserved. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread worldwide and present in about 30-50% of population. In most cases, this problem is associated with musculoskeletal system pathology: Rickets in children, and osteomalacia or osteoporosis in adults. However, in recent years, convincing data was obtained on the links between Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular pathology. Low Vitamin D levels in humans are associated with the unfavorable cardiovascular risk factors, such as arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, which are the predictors of the severe cardiovascular diseases, including strokes and infarctions. It has been demonstrated that Vitamin D has a strong vasoptotective effect via endothelial dysfunction improvement, prevents blood vessels and myocardium remodeling, improves blood pressure parameters, reduces the risk of development of left ventricular hypertrophy, slows down fibrosis, reduces the risk of atherosclerosis, reduces insulin resistance, and also affects inflammation and immunity. This article provides data of Russian and foreign studies demonstrating the effect of Vitamin D deficiency on the development of atherosclerosis, AH, heart rhythm disorder and progression of chronic heart failure.

© 2018 Publishing House of the Union of Pediatricians. All rights reserved. A calcium deficiency is detected in more than 80% of children. This is the result of inadequate consumption of milk and dairy products which are the main food sources of calcium. There is a correlation between deficiency of calcium intake with food in childhood and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in subsequent life periods. With insufficient exogenous intake of calcium, its concentration in the blood decreases which stimulates bone resorption. The factors that further limit the consumption of dairy products are lactase deficiency and cow's milk protein allergy. In order to ensure the intake of the necessary amount of calcium, it is advisable to use vitaminmineral complexes in children that contain not only a sufficient amount of calcium and Vitamin D but also other micronutrients required for bone formation.

© 2018, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved. The ability of physiological (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, retinoic acid) and non-physiological (various LPS) agents and their combinations to influence the direction of pro-monocytic THP-1 cell differentiation was studied. The differentiating activity of the agents was evaluated by the expression and the ratio of surface receptors (TLR4, CD11b, and CD14) as well as by the change in THP-1 cell phagocytic activity of different degree of differentiation by Flow cytometry. The THP-1 cell differentiation by VD3 was shown to lead probably to the formation of classical monocytes. Summarizing we can conclude that VD3 induces the THP-1 cells differentiation with the formation of classical monocytes and the sequence of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and non-toxic LPS R. capsulatus PG causes the THP-1 cells differentiation with the formation of inflammatory or intermediate monocytes.

© 2018 S. Karger AG.All right reserved. Objective: to estimate the state and the rate of bone metabolism in women with chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-3 stages during pregnancy. Materialsandmethods:observational cross-sectional and prospective study included 137 pregnant women. CKD 1-3 stage had 85 of them: 64 with CKD 1-2 stage, 21 with CKD 3 stage. Median age 29 years, second and third trimester (42 and 37, respectively). The comparison group consisted of 52 pregnant women with of the same age and gestational age without CKD. Dynamic examination was carried out in 18 cases with CKD 1-3 stage. Ionized, total calcium and inorganic phosphorus, 25-OH vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), the activity of total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), N-terminal propeptid of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) and β-isomer of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) were determined. Results: serum calcium, phosphorus and PTH levels in all the examined pregnant women were within their normal range. In pregnant with CKD 3 stage, a deficiency of vitamin D was more significant (р0.02) compared to pregnant women without CKD and pregnant with CKD 1-2 stage. The levels OC and P1NP and β-CTX in pregnant with CKD 3 stage were higher than in the control group and pregnant women with CKD 1-2 stage. It was also higher in pregnant women with CKD 1-3 stages in the third trimester in comparison with the second one, although remained within the limits of reference values. Significant direct correlations were found between serum concentrations of P1NP and OC (r=0.575, р0.001), P1NP and ALP (r=0.415, р=0.001), OC and ALP (r=0.276, р=0, 02) and vitamin D and PTH (r=0.235, р=0.04). A significant inverse correlation was found between the blood levels of vitamin D and P1NP (r=-0.344, р=0.002). Conclusions: the peculiarities of bone metabolism in pregnant with CKD of 3 stage are manifested by the vitamin D deficiency and the acceleration of bone formation and resorption to a greater extent in the third trimester.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. There is an ongoing search for the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the development of aging and age-associated diseases. At the same time there is growing evidence geroprotective properties of Vitamin D. In this review, described in detail the possible mechanisms by which Vitamin D affects differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and describes the potential benefits of this Vitamin in the fight against aging and age-related diseases.