Репозиторий Университета

The discovery and development of effective antihypoxic drugs is an important issue in modern experimental and clinical pharmacology. Complexes of zinc containing imidazole cycles as ligands are promising candidates for the design of novel drugs, including pharmacotherapeutic tools for patient’s protection under conditions of oxygen deficiency. Herein, we report antihypoxic activity of zinc complexes with N-alkenylimidazoles, and, specifically, a novel drug Acyzol, which can be used as efficient antidote after poisoning by carbon monoxide and other combustion products.

The present study investigates the hepatoprotective effect of a novel zinc-containing drug acyzol in comparison with silymarin, a medicinal extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). The hepatoprotective effect was studied in 40 albino nonlinear male rats in a model of toxic liver injury induced by intragastric administration of carbon tetrachloride. Both drugs were diluted in water and administered intragastrically at doses 10 mg/kg (acyzol) and 100 mg/kg (silymarin) for 10 days twice daily, after development of clinical toxic hepatitis. Biochemical and functional indicators of the liver parenchyma demonstrated that both drugs reduced mortality, normalized the body and relative liver weight, reduced intensity of cytolytic, cholestatic, and mesenchymal inflammatory syndromes, and restored liver function. The study demonstrates that acyzol and silymarin have comparable hepatoprotective effect, thus, providing a rationale for the use of acyzol in complex therapy of toxic hepatitis and hepatosis.

One the current challenges of modern hepatology is to find new approaches to stimulate liver regeneration and to find new methods for liver disease treatment. Cell therapies, which are based on using regional stem cells for disease treatment, are under active development. However, studies, devoted to their transplantation, are currently scarce. In recent years, hepatic stellate cells are considered to be hepatic stem cells. It is known that activated hepatic stellate cells can transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and lead to liver fibrosis. The aim of our work was to study the influence of native and activated hepatic stellate cells in vivo by lead nitrate injection after transplantation into partial hepatectomized rats, which is considered to be a classical model to study liver regeneration. Injection of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), which selectively eliminates hepatocyte proliferation, was used to understand the hepatic stellate cells role in liver regeneration process better. Our results suggest that transplanted native and activated hepatic stellate cells can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells and positively influence liver regeneration without inducing liver fibrosis.

Цель работы - оценка состояния кортикального цитоскелета волокон камбаловидной мышцы крысы в результате 6-часового антиортостатического вывешивания на фоне предшествующего, в течение 3 сут по 100 мкг/сут, введения смеси фосфатидилхолинов (лецитина). Данные о периметре волокон, толщине подмембранного цитоскелета и доле разрывов в нем относительно периметра получали, используя иммуногистохимическую окраску на альфа-актинин-4. Периметр волокон оставался неизменным во всех группах исследования. При этом доля разрывов была выше в группах вывешивания, чем в соответствующих контрольных группах. Толщина окрашенного слоя, соответствующего подмембранному цитоскелету, не менялась в контрольных группах и в группе вывешивания без лецитина, однако в группе вывешивания на фоне лецитина она достоверно увеличивалась по сравнению с соответствующей контрольной группой на 27 % (p < 0,05) соответственно.

Purpose of the work was to assess the cortical cytoskeleton of m. soleus fibers from rats after 6-hr tail-suspension preceded by 3 days of phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) injections at a dose of 100 µг/d. Data about the fiber perimeter, submembrane cytoskeleton thickness and percentage of bonds breaks along the perimeter were obtained using the alpha-actinin-4 anti-body stain. The fiber perimeter remained unchanged in all groups under study. However, the percentage of breaks was high in suspension groups but not in respective groups of control. Thickness of the stained layer commensurate to the submembrane cytoskeleton did not change in the control groups and in the suspension group without lecithin injections but increased reliably in the suspension group that recieved injections by 27 % (p < 0.05) in comparison with its control.

Objectives: Central (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism in women could be a cause of persistent amenorrhea and hypoestrogenemia as observed in postmenopause. This study aimed to compare the clinical, hormonal and biochemical features in women with non-physiological (central hypogonadism) and physiological (postmenopause) hypoestrogenemia.

Methods: A total of 161 young women, median age 24.9 years (interquartile range (IQR) 21.2; 30.5) with central hypogonadism (with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, n = 76, and with hypopituitarism, n = 85), 53 healthy young women, median age 23.9 years (IQR 23.1; 28.0) and 50 healthy postmenopausal women, median age 56.0 years (IQR 53.1; 58.5), were examined. Psychoemotional, neurovegetative and urogenital symptoms, sex steroid levels, parameters of lipid and mineral metabolism were evaluated.

Results: In young women with central hypogonadism, the frequencies of psychoemotional, neurovegetative and urogenital complaints differed significantly from those in healthy young women and were similar to those in postmenopausal women. Concentrations of estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, parameters of lipid and mineral metabolism as well as quality of life in women with central hypogonadism were not typical of healthy young women but were similar to those of postmenopausal women of middle/old age.

Conclusions: Despite the young age of women with central hypogonadism, clinical, hormonal and biochemical abnormalities were similar in many aspects to those in postmenopausal women at middle/old age. These revealed features could be considered as signs of premature aging in young amenorrheic women with low gonadotropin levels.

The formation of hydrophilic pores in lipid bilayer during phase transition is described using Smolukhowski's equation with an additional term of the hydrophobic pore source. This term is added to account for defects in lipid packing during phase transition. We assume that the temporal sequence of the pores is a stochastic process, a non -stationary second- order Erlang flow. Flow characteristics depend on the equation solution and determine the formation times of the hydrophilic pore. The calculated distribution of the durations of intervals between hydrophilic pore formations is in a good agree ment with experimental data published before. In terms of this model we describe the influence of poly (ethylene glycol) on the pore formation frequency.

Изучено влияние лектинов растительного происхождения на цитотоксическую активность мононуклеаров периферической крови (МНПК) здоровых доноров. Установлено, что лектин гороха вызывает статистически значимый цитотоксический эффект МНПК по отношению к клеткам колоректального рака.

C целью повышения эффективности хирургического лечения больных с травматическими стенозами гортани разработан алгоритм выбора оперативной тактики, который включает антропометрию пациента — определение варианта шеи и телосложения, построение регрессионных моделей значимых ларингометрических параметров, выбор оптимальной технологии ларингопластики в зависимости от клинических данных — размеров голосовой щели и положения голосовых складок пациента; расчет размеров аутотрансплантата и длины Т-образной трубки, основанный на математическом анализе антропо- и органометрических характеристик пациента; ларинготрахеопластику и протезирование сформированного гортанно-трахеального просвета. Проведено обследование 71 пациента от 23 до 68 лет с хроническими паралитическими (31%) и сочетанными (69%) стенозами гортани с применением компьютерной томографии гортани и трахеи, антропометрического, эндоскопического и спирометрического методов. Больным проведено лечение по следующим методикам: экстраларингеальная латерофиксация голосовой складки (n=22); экстраларингеальная латерофиксация голосовой складки со стентированием Т-образной силиконовой трубкой (n=43); рассечение рубцов после предыдущих ларингопластик с редрессацией перстневидного хряща и стентированием гортани (n=6). В результате хирургического лечения по разработаному алгоритму с учетом варианта шеи и телосложения реабилитированы 68 (95,8%) пациентов с хроническими паралитическими и сочетанными стенозами гортани.