Репозиторий Университета

© 2018, Bionika Media Ltd.. All rights reserved. Objective. To investigate the relationship of the levels of preactivated (primed) neutrophils in the peripheral blood of pregnant women with preeclampsia. Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 14 women with preeclampsia (a study group, Group 1), 15 women with physiological pregnancy (a control group, Group 2), and 11 non-pregnant women (to obtain normative values). Formyl peptide, Ficoll-Hypaque (1.077 and 1.119 g/ml) gradients, lucigenin, Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium, Hanks medium, and fetal calf serum (Sigma-Aldrich) were determined in the peripheral blood. Neutrophils were isolated from the blood samples obtained from the ulnar vein (the anticoagulant heparin 35 IU/ml) using a two-step Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. Red blood cells were destroyed by hypotonic lysis. Neutrophils in the suspensions were at least 96%. The live cells tested with trypan blue were 94%. Suspensions containing 1×106 сells/ml were prepared. Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP, 2 µM) was used as a stimulant. The formation of oxygen radicals was recorded in imp/sec, by using the luminophor lucigenin (30 µM) on a Biotox-7 chemiluminometer (Russia). The maximum radical formation amplitude, the time of its achievement, and the light sum were determined for a fixed time period. Results. The cell suspensions from non-pregnant women showed a monotonic spontaneous increase in oxygen radical formation at a very low rate. The rate increased by 1.3 times in healthy pregnant women (p > 0.05). The rate of spontaneous oxygen radical generation rose sharply in pregnant women with preeclampsia. In this group, the formation of oxygen radicals reached maximum values and plateaued at 24±7 min. The spontaneous radical formation might be due to the stimulation of initially primed neutrophils as a result of their adhesion on the cell walls. To test this assumption, the standard stimulant fMLP that strongly stimulates the neutrophil generation of oxygen radicals were added to the suspensions from the women with preeclampsia. It should be noted that in both non-pregnant women and healthy pregnant women, fMLP significantly increased the level of radicals compared to the responses of neutrophils in women with preeclampsia. Conclusion. The potentiated response to formyl peptide due to spontaneous neutrophil stimulation in pregnant women with preeclampsia suggests that their peripheral blood contain primed cells. This total response may suggest that the mechanism of stimulation of neutrophils due to their adhesion on the cell wall and to fMLP stimulation is different, additive in nature, and is carried out by different processes.

© 2018, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology. All rights reserved. Mechanical ventilation is associated with a number of complications that increase the cost of treatment and the hospital mortality rate. In 2004, the term «ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction» (VIDD) was proposed to explain one of the reasons for the failure of respiratory support. At present, this term is understood as a combination of atrophy and weakness of the contractile function of the diaphragm caused directly by a long-term mechanical lung ventilation. Oxidative stress, proteolysis, mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as passive overdistension of the diaphragm fibers contribute greatly to the pathogenesis of VIDD. Since 30—80% of patients in the ICU require mechanical respiratory support and even 6—8 hours of mechanical lung ventilation can contribute to the development of a significant weakness of the diaphragm, it can be concluded that the VIDD is an extremely urgent problem in most patients. Its typical clinical presentation is characterized by impaired breathing mechanics and unsuccessful attempts to switch the patient to the spontaneous breathing in the absence of other valid reasons for respiratory disorders. The sonography is the most informative and accessible diagnostic method, and preservation of spontaneous breathing activity and the use of the latest mechanical ventilation modes are considered a promising approach to prevention and correction of the disorders. The search for an optimal strategy for lung ventilation, development of diagnostic and physiotherapeutic methods, as well as the consolidation of the work of a multidisciplinary team of specialists (anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists, neurologists, pulmonologists, surgeons, etc.) can help in solving this serious problem. A review of 122 sources about the VIDD presented data on the background of the issue, the definition of the problem, etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis, the effect of drugs, prevention and therapy.

© Bionika Media Ltd. Objective. To determine the expression level of the genes encoding the paraoxonase family enzymes (PON1, PON2, and PON3) in the placentas of women with uncomplicated pregnancy and in the development of preeclampsia Materials and methods. The investigation enrolled 26 pregnant women aged 24 to 35 years, including 14 women with normal pregnancy and 12 with preeclampsia. The expression of the PON1, PON2, and PON3 genes was analyzed by real-time PCR using the primers specific to these genes. Results. Women whose pregnancy was complicated by preeclampsia showed a significant decrease in the placental expression of the PON2 gene. The lowest PON2 gene expression was found in the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia. There were no significant differences in the placental expression level of the PON1 and PON3 genes in women with preeclampsia compared to healthy women. Conclusion. In women with preeclampsia, the placental PON2 gene expression decreases; however, the expression level of the PON1 and PON3 genes does not differ from that of the PON1 and PON3 genes in the placentas of patients with physiological pregnancy. The placental expression of the PON2 gene depends on the severity of preeclampsia; is lower in severe preeclampsia than in moderate preeclampsia.

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Considering the well-known antioxidant properties of statins, it seems important to assess their impact on major markers of oxidative stress (superoxide anion radical, nitric oxide, and index of lipid peroxidation) to compare the antioxidative potentials of atorvastatin and simvastatin during the different degrees of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in rats. This study was conducted on adult male Wistar albino rats (n = 90; 4 weeks old; 100 ± 15 g body mass) in which HHcy was achieved by dietary manipulation. For 4 weeks, the animals were fed with one of the following diets: standard rodent chow, diet enriched in methionine with no deficiency in B vitamins (folic acid, B6, and B12), or diet enriched in methionine and deficient in B vitamins (folic acid, B6, and B12). At the same time, animals were treated with atorvastatin at doses of 3 mg/kg/day i.p. or simvastatin at doses of 5 mg/kg/day i.p. Levels of superoxide anion radical and TBARS were significantly decreased by administration of simvastatin in normal and high-homocysteine (Hcy) groups (p < 0.05). At 4 weeks after feeding with purified diets, the concentrations of the GSH, CAT, and SOD antioxidants were significantly affected among all groups (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that statin therapy had variable effects on the redox status in hyperhomocysteinemic rats, and simvastatin demonstrated stronger antioxidant effects than did atorvastatin.