Аннтотация

The review is summarizing for the first time the results of original research and literature data revealing the conditions of opportunistic microflora (OM) pathogenicity and virulence formation in the dynamics of the infectious process, as well as maintenance and formation of gene pools in host cells and microorganisms. It is established, that formation or loss of pathogenic and virulent properties of microorganisms in the body happens under the influence of its external environment, its overall physiological and immunological reactivity, mucosal immunity, as well as with the direct participation of horizontal gene transfer. Newly created microbial pathogens cause infectious-inflammatory diseases. However, acquired pathogenicity factors are lost after recovery. Plasticity of gene pools of the macroorganism and microorganisms allows owners of gene pools to respond adequately to changes in the external and internal body environment, improve and enhance overall and immunological reactivity of the macroorganism in ontogenesis, generate optimal for specific situations symbiotic or antagonistic relationships between them taking into account newly acquired or lost pathogenicity and virulence factors and form new phenotypic or genetic properties of microorganisms. Horizontal genetic transfer is the process of moving the genetic information which is possible between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells both ways, as well as within a single cell.