Репозиторий Университета

© 2021 Elsevier B.V. Innovative Mn-containing glass ceramic (Na2O[2.00]-K2O[0.09]-MgO[3.10]-MnO[2.07]-CaO[38.78]-CaF2[2.25]-P2O5[9.66]-SiO2[41.71] [wt%]) was obtained by sol-gel. It was investigated by High Resolution Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, X-Ray fluorescence, X-Ray Diffraction, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Ion release characteristics of the glass ceramic powder were quantified via Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Biological tests were performed using equine adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs). MTT assay demonstrated the cytocompatibility of the prepared material. AMSCs differentiation test showed that the glass ceramic favored the stem cell differentiation in adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages, the last one being qualitatively more pronounced. The antimicrobial properties were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strains and Candida albicans fungus. The inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria (S. tiphy, E. coli), Gram-positive (E. faecalis) and fungus (C. albicans) was detected, while the inhibition of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was not significant.

© 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS The rise of antibiotic resistance has necessitated the development of alternative strategies for the treatment of infectious diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), components of the innate immune response in various organisms, are promising next-generation drugs against bacterial infections. The ability of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis to store blood for months with little change has attracted interest regarding the identification of novel AMPs in this organism. In this study, we employed computational algorithms to the medicinal leech genome assembly to identify amino acid sequences encoding potential AMPs. Then, we synthesized twelve candidate AMPs identified by the algorithms, determined their secondary structures, measured minimal inhibitory concentrations against three bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Chlamydia thrachomatis), and assayed cytotoxic and haemolytic activities. Eight of twelve candidate AMPs possessed antimicrobial activity, and only two of them, 3967 (FRIMRILRVLKL) and 536–1 (RWRLVCFLCRRKKV), exhibited inhibition of growth of all tested bacterial species at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 10 μmol. Thus, we evidence the utility of the developed computational algorithms for the identification of AMPs with low toxicity and haemolytic activity in the medicinal leech genome assembly.

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Modern antimicrobial preservatives authorized for use in dosage form technology are reviewed. The nomenclature and various classifications of preservatives according to chemical nature, mechanism and spectrum of antimicrobial action, optimum effective concentrations for antimicrobial activity, and separate factors affecting the activity of antimicrobial preservatives in various dosage forms, e.g., optimum solution pH values and specific adsorbents reducing preservative activity, are presented. Antimicrobial preservatives used widely in pharmaceutical technology, i.e., parabens, sorbic acid and its salts, benzoic acid and its salts, and benzalkonium chloride, are discussed in detail. Ascience-based approach to selecting antimicrobial preservatives is shown to produce the most stable and safest medicines.

© 2018 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. All rights reserved. Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAP) involves administration of antimicrobial agents (AMA) to patients undergoing a surgical intervention and aims to reduce the risk of postoperative infectious complications, especially at surgical sites. In the present work we assess efficiency and safety of AMA used for prevention of postoperative infectious complications. In the course of our study we pre-analyzed 576 medical histories of post-op patients aged 18 to 87 years (mean age M ± SD was 57.4 ± 14.5 years), of which 347 (60.2%) were male and 229 (39.8%) female. Only 481 histories were selected for final analysis. We assessed the choice of antibacterial therapy, the frequency of adverse reactions (AR) and infectious complications and the type of the latter. PAP regimens were consistent with the official guidelines in 207 (43.04%) cases. PAP recommendations were ignored in 274 cases (56.96%), and the timing was wrong in 364 cases (75.7%). Incorrect dosages were administered in 225 cases (46.8%). We also discovered an association between irrational PAP regimens and 1) the length of patient's stay in the intensive care unit (p = 0.003 and p < 0.005), 2) the frequency of reoperations associated with infection (p = 0.001), 3) mortality rates (p = 0.002), and 4) isolation of strains with multidrug resistance (p = 0.016). We conclude that PAP regimens for the inpatients of surgical wards are often compromised by failure to comply with the official guidelines, wrong timing and incorrect dosage, which negatively affects hospital statistics.

© 2017, Shatalov D.O., Kedik S.A., Panov A.V., Zhavoronok E.S., Aydakova A.V., Kovalenko A.V., Morozova O.A., Makeeva I.M., Dezhurko-Korol V.A. The present work is devoted to study of the antimicrobial activity of a new promising synthetic biocidal compound, branched oligohexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride. The studies were carried out using optional anaerobic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as obligate anaerobic bacteria Actinomyces pyogenes, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Peptostreptococcus micros, Finegoldia magna, Veillonella parvula, Prevotella disiens and Fusobacterium nucleatum. It was shown that branched oligohexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride inhibits the growth of these bacteria, and facultative anaerobic bacteria are more sensitive to it. The assumptions about the mechanism of this activity of branched oligohexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride are made. The results of the study show that the substance can be recommended as a broad-spectrum biocide.

© 2018, Bionika Media Ltd. All rights reserved. Objective. To carry out a systematic analysis of the data available in the literature on rational therapy for vaginal microbiocenotic disorders during combined antibacterial therapy to optimize the use of probiotics. Material and methods. The review includes the data of foreign and Russian articles found in the international system Pubmed. Results. The polymicrobial etiology of the inflammatory process requires combined antibacterial therapy using 2–3 antibiotics, which predisposes to dysbiotic states and the growth of opportunistic pathogens, including Candida fungi. It is advisable to prophylactically take probiotics simultaneously with the initiation of antibiotic therapy, which is more effective than the use of probiotics immediately after completion of an antibiotic therapy cycle. The vagina can be colonized by probiotic bacteria following oral administration if acid-resistant strains of lactobacilli are used. Conclusion. It is expedient to simultaneously take acid-resistant probiotic strains per os during antibiotic therapy in order to restore a normal protective flora and to suppress the opportunistic intestinal microorganisms that are able to colonize the urogenital area.

© 2018 Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. We studied capabilities of the Bruker Microflex MALDI-TOF device for species identification of anaerobic gramnegative cocci isolated from clinical specimens of cancer patients. Seventy clinical isolates of Veillonella spp. and one Acidaminococcus spp were analyzed. All isolates were identified to the species level with a scores greater than 1.9. The most common species were V. parvula (37 strains), followed by V. dispar (16), V. atypica (16) and V. denticariosi (1). Susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by the E-test methodology. All Veillonella isolates were susceptible to imipenem, whereas high resistance rates were observed for penicillin G, amoxicillin/clavulanate and metronidazole. The proportion of resistant isolates of V. parvula, V. dispar and V. atypica to penicillin was 86 %, 85 % and 100 %, respectively. The resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate was observed in 28.6 % of V. parvula isolates, 23.1 % of V. dispar isolates and in 6.7 % of V. atypica isolates. Resistance to metronidazole (MIC = 8 μg/ml) of V. parvula, V. dispar and V. atypica was 88.6 %, 53.8 % and 40 %, respectively.

© 2018 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved. The rise of resistance in bacteria, rendering pathogens unresponsive to many clinical drugs, is widely acknowledged and considered a critical global healthcare issue. This led to the emergence of bacterial infections which essentially do not lend themselves to treatment with the modern arsenal of available antibiotics. Various efforts have been made to develop new antimicrobial agents that can act against strains of drug-resistant pathogens. The article contains information on some new molecules approved since 2000, mechanisms of their action, the spectrum of antibacterial activity, and indications for use in relevant therapeutic regimens.