Репозиторий Университета

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Coconut water (Cocos Nucifera) is shown to be a source of essential elements present in the form of low-molecular weight stable complexes known for their bio-availability. The total element concentrations were in the range of 0.2–2.7, 0.3–1, 3–14 and 0.5–2 ppm for Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn, respectively, and varied as a function of the origin of the nut and its maturity. Speciation was investigated by size-exclusion chromatography - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS), and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) - electrospray-Orbitrap MS. The metal species identified included: iron complexes with citrate and malate: FeIII(Cit)3(Mal), FeIII(Cit)2(Mal)2, FeIII(Mal)2, glutamine: FeIII(Glu)2 and nicotianamine: FeII(NA); copper complexes with phenylanine: CuII(Phe)2 and CuII(Phe)3 and nicotianamine: CuII(NA); zinc complexes with citrate: ZnII(Cit)2 and nicotianamine ZnII(NA) and manganese complex with asparagine MnII(Asp)2. The contributions of the individual species to the total elements concentrations could be estimated by HILIC – ICP MS.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Over the last two decades, the scientific community and industry have made huge efforts to develop environmental protection technologies. In particular, the scarcity of drinking water has prompted the investigation of several physico-chemical treatments, and synergistic effects have been observed in hyphenated techniques. Herein, we report the first example of water treatment under simultaneous hydrodynamic cavitation and plasma discharge with the intense generation of radicals, UV light, shock waves and charged particles. This highly reactive environment is well suited to the bulk treatment of polluted water (i.e. E. coli disinfection and organic pollutant degradation). We have developed a new prototype and have efficiently applied this hybrid technology to water disinfection and the complete degradation of methanol in water with the aim of demonstrating its scalability. We have analyzed the mechanisms of water disinfection under the abovementioned conditions and verified them by measuring cavitation noise spectra and plasma emission spectra. We have also used the degradation of textile dyes and methanol solutions as an indicator for the formation of radicals.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Over the last two decades, the scientific community and industry have made huge efforts to develop environmental protection technologies. In particular, the scarcity of drinking water has prompted the investigation of several physico-chemical treatments, and synergistic effects have been observed in hyphenated techniques. Herein, we report the first example of water treatment under simultaneous hydrodynamic cavitation and plasma discharge with the intense generation of radicals, UV light, shock waves and charged particles. This highly reactive environment is well suited to the bulk treatment of polluted water (i.e. E. coli disinfection and organic pollutant degradation). We have developed a new prototype and have efficiently applied this hybrid technology to water disinfection and the complete degradation of methanol in water with the aim of demonstrating its scalability. We have analyzed the mechanisms of water disinfection under the abovementioned conditions and verified them by measuring cavitation noise spectra and plasma emission spectra. We have also used the degradation of textile dyes and methanol solutions as an indicator for the formation of radicals.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Over the last two decades, the scientific community and industry have made huge efforts to develop environmental protection technologies. In particular, the scarcity of drinking water has prompted the investigation of several physico-chemical treatments, and synergistic effects have been observed in hyphenated techniques. Herein, we report the first example of water treatment under simultaneous hydrodynamic cavitation and plasma discharge with the intense generation of radicals, UV light, shock waves and charged particles. This highly reactive environment is well suited to the bulk treatment of polluted water (i.e. E. coli disinfection and organic pollutant degradation). We have developed a new prototype and have efficiently applied this hybrid technology to water disinfection and the complete degradation of methanol in water with the aim of demonstrating its scalability. We have analyzed the mechanisms of water disinfection under the abovementioned conditions and verified them by measuring cavitation noise spectra and plasma emission spectra. We have also used the degradation of textile dyes and methanol solutions as an indicator for the formation of radicals.

© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH  &  Co. KGaA, Weinheim Hydrophobic segments made of oligo(l,l- or d,l-lactides) or poly(l,l-lactide) are grafted onto chitosan backbone in order to use their amphiphilic behavior to prepare degradable microcarriers intended to be used for tissue engineering. Hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of these copolymers is adjusted playing on the respective length of their hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. Thanks to their self-emulsifying properties, these graft copolymers are processed into microspheres in the absence of hydrophilic emulsifier commonly added in the aqueous phase of the oil/water emulsion. The copolymers containing amorphous oligolactide segments of medium length are demonstrated to be the most effective ones for microparticle fabrication. The microparticles are characterized using SEM, EDX, and FTIR. The reactivity of amine group is demonstrated using fluorescein isothiocyanate staining. The resulting microspheres disclose a porous core and a shell enriched by the hydrophilic polysaccharide moieties. Stabilization of the oil/water interface during the microsphere fabrication, total yield, size distribution, and microparticle surface morphology are mainly affected by the macromolecular features of the copolymers.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. An express technique for isolation and quantitative determination of water-soluble polysaccharides from roots of Taraxacum officinaleWigg. was developed and allowed the assay time to be shortened to 3.5 h. The developed technique was validated for precision, accuracy, robustness, and linearity and was demonstrated to be precise under repeatable conditions, accurate, and robust. The precipitate mass was strictly linearly dependent on the analyzed raw-material mass for gravimetric determination of water-soluble polysaccharides from roots of T. officinale. The technique could be used for express quality control of T. officinale roots and for commercial production of inulin from this raw material.

© 2018, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance. All rights reserved. Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. (Meadowsweet) is known in traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, astringent and antibacterial remedy. However recent studies show that it also has neurotropic activity. In Russia meadowsweet flowers are used as crude herbal drugs (temporary pharmacopoeial monograph 42-1777-87), also leafs and herb are used in the traditional medicine. Objective of the study was to carry out comparative investigation of composition and content of major biologically active compounds (BAC) in Filipendula ulmaria herb, flowers and leafs by thin-layer chromatography, differential spectrophotometry with aluminum chloride reagent (total flavonoids in terms of rutoside), gravimetry (total extractives, extracted by water), permanganatometric titration (total tannins in terms of tannin). Rutoside, tannin, gallic acid and salicylic acid were identified in Filipendula ulmaria herb, flowers and leafs by TLC. Also we analyzed content of substances extracted by water, flavonoids and tannins. Total extractives, extracted by water in F. ulmaria herb is 13.12±0.10%, in leafs - 13.98±0.37%, in flowers - 18.09±0.17%. Total tannins in F. ulmaria herb is 11.87±0.47%, in leafs - 12.06±0.18%, in flowers - 12.26±0.29%. Total flavonoids in F. ulmaria herb 4.34±0.17%, in leafs - 6.98±0.23%, in flowers - 11.75±0.57%. The obtained data will be used for development of a pharmacopoeial monograph project “Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., herba” for inclusion in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. We need to take into complex assessment a set of influencing factors of drinking water safety. This raises the task of developing an integrated methodology assessing the safety of drinking water that reaches the consumers. For the integrated assessment of the safety of drinking water, the method of clustering was chosen, namely, the neural network method of Kohonen self-organizing maps. Zones were separated by the method of cluster neural network analysis. The zones are characterized by different content of metal cations in drinking water, levels of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk to the health of the child population, and the probability of the receipt of metal cations with potable water to consumers.

© 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS A new water-soluble conjugate, consisting of a chlorin-based photosensitizing part, and a 4-arylaminoquinazoline moiety with high potential affinity to an epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR), suitable for photodynamic therapy (PDT), was synthesized starting from methylpheophorbide-a in seven steps. An increased accumulation of this compound in A431 cells with high level of EGFR expression, in comparison with CHO and HeLa cells with low EGFR expression was observed. The prepared conjugate exhibits dark and photoinduced cytotoxicity at micromolar concentrations with IC50dark/IC50light ratio of 11–18. In tumor-bearing mice, the conjugate preferentially accumulates in the tumor tissue.

© 2018 Istituto Superiore di Sanita. All Rights Reserved.  Among the factors that have a strong impact on public health the environment, living conditions, food and water quality are just as important as socio-economic forces. Providing the population with access to safe potable water has become a socioeconomic priority in Russia. The aim of this work was to characterize the aquifers supplying the population of Ryazan region with water for personal and domestic needs and to compare their chemical composition. Sample collection was performed in cooperation with the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology (Ryazan region). The obtained data were processed using ANOVA. The Kashirsky and Ozersko-Khovansky aquifers turn to be the most commonly used ones supplying water to 30.7% and 27.3% of the total artesian wells. The Oksko-Tarussky and Podolsko-Myachkovsky aquifers rank second, feeding 21% and 18.9% of the wells, respectively. The share of the Kasimovsky aquifer in the total water supply is only 2.1%. Although the recommended lifespan of an artesian well is 25 years, two-thirds of the wells in Ryazan region have been in service for 26 to 50 years, and one in every 4 wells is over 50 years old. The chemical composition of the groundwater drawn from different aquifers is different. High concentrations (0.7 mg/l) of iron (Fe 2+ ) are present in the water from the Ozersko-Khovansky aquifer (р ≥ 0.05). Sulfates are found in abundance in the Podolsko-Myachkovsky and Ozersko-Khovansky aquifer. The water from the Oksko-Tarussky aquifer contains high concentrations of ionized ammonia.

© Allerton Press, Inc., 2018. A technique of extracting cotinine in urine and wastewaters, followed by its quantitative determination, using high performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass-spectrometric detection is presented. The method is characterized by low detection limits and high levels of efficiency and sensitivity. The optimal conditions for the solid-phase extraction of cotinine from urine and wastewaters are found. This technique makes it possible to reliably estimate the content of cotinine in the urine of active and passive smokers and in wastewaters.

© 2018 Bentham Science Publishers. Background & Objective: Regulation of composition, volume and turnover of fluids surrounding the brain and damp cells is vital. These fluids transport all substances required for cells and remove the unwanted materials. This regulation tends to act as barrier to prevent free exchange of materials between the brain and blood. There are specific mechanisms concerned with fluid secretion of the controlled composition of the brain, and others responsible for reabsorption eventually to blood and the extracellular fluid whatever their composition is. The current view assumes that choroidal plexuses secrete the major part of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), while the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) has a much less contribution to fluid production, generating Interstitial Fluid (ISF) that drains to CSF. The skull is a rigid box; thereby the sum of volumes occupied by the parenchyma with its ISF, related connective tissue, the vascula-ture, the meninges and the CSF must be relatively constant according to the Monroe-Kellie dogma. This constitutes a formidable challenge that normal organisms surpass daily. The ISF and CSF provide water and solutes influx and efflux from cells to these targeted fluids in a quite precise way. Microvessels within the parenchyma are sufficiently close to every cell where diffusion areas for solutes are tiny. Despite this, CSF and ISF exhibit very similar compositions, but differ significantly from blood plasma. Many hydro-philic substances are effectively prevented from the entry into the brain via blood, while others like neurotransmitters are extremely hindered from getting out of the brain. Anatomical principle of the barrier and routes of fluid transfer cannot explain the extraordinary accuracy of fluids and substances needed to enter or leave the brain firmly. There is one aspect that has not been deeply analyzed, despite being prevalent in all the above processes, it is considered a part of the CSF and ISF dynamics. This aspect is the energy necessary to propel them properly in time, form, space, quantity and temporality. Conclusion: The recent hypothesis based on glucose and ATP as sources of energy presents numerous contradictions and controversies. The discovery of the unsuspected intrinsic ability of melanin to dissociate and reform water molecules, similar to the role of chlorophyll in plants, was confirmed in the study of ISF and CSF biology.