HPTLC based approach for bioassay-guided evaluation of antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects of eight essential oils of the Lamiaceae family plants
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30.01.2020 |
Romero Rocamora C.
Ramasamy K.
Meng Lim S.
Majeed A.
Agatonovic-Kustrin S.
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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis |
10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112909 |
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© 2019 Elsevier B.V. A high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method combined with effect-directed-analysis (EDA) was developed to screen the antioxidant, neuroprotective and antidiabetic effects in essential oils derived from lavender flower, lemon myrtle, oregano, peppermint, sage, and rosemary leaves (Lamiaceae family). HPTLC hyphenated with microchemical (DPPH•, p-anisaldehyde, and ferric chloride) derivatizations, was used to evaluate antioxidant activity, presence of phytosterols and terpenoids, and polyphenolic content, while the combination with biochemical (α-amylase and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) enzymatic) derivatizations was used to asses α-amylase and AChE inhibitory activities. The superior antioxidant activity of oregano leaf extract is attributed to the presence of high levels of aromatic compounds, like polyphenolic acids. The strongest α-amylase inhibition was observed in lemon myrtle and rosemary plus extracts due to the presence of monoterpenes. Rosemary and sage extracts exhibit the highest AChE inhibition activity, with 1 μL essential oils being more potent than the recommended daily dose of donepezil. This superior neuroprotection was attributed to the presences of di- and triterpenes that displayed strong AChE inhibition and antioxidant potential in DPPH• free radical assay. Antioxidant activity was related to phenolic content (R = 0.49), while α-amylase inhibitory activity was positively related to antioxidant activity (R = 0.20) and terpenoid/sterol content (R = 0.31). AChE inhibitory activity was correlated (R = 0.80) to the combined effect of phenolics and terpenoids. Thus, the superior AChE inhibitory and neuroprotection potential of rosemary and sage essential oils could be attributed to joint effects of main phenolic and terpene constituents. The hyphenated HPTLC method provided rapid bioanalytical profiling of highly complex essential oil samples.
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Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems: Risks Assessment and Attacks Modeling
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01.01.2020 |
Kravets A.
Salnikova N.
Dmitrenko K.
Lempert M.
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Studies in Systems, Decision and Control |
10.1007/978-3-030-32648-7_16 |
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© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The chapter is devoted to the attacks modeling for Cyber-Physical systems of industrial enterprises with regard to risk assessment. In this chapter the analysis of corporate systems of industrial is held; systems’ attacks and risk assessment techniques were studied; software for attacks modeling are compared. Information models of corporate networks and attacks are developed; describes the design and basic functions of the module for assessing the risks of attacks in the corporate system. Corporate networks of more than 70% of industrial enterprises are potentially vulnerable to hacker attacks. Today, according to research by Positive Technologies analysts, hackers can cross the perimeter and get into the corporate network of 73% of the companies in the industrial segment. In 82% of companies, penetration from the corporate network to the technological one is possible. One of the main opportunities for obtaining unauthorized access to the enterprise network turned out to be administrative control channels. Solving the problem of ensuring the information security of Cyber-Physical systems is an urgent task today.
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Loss of Orai2-Mediated Capacitative Ca<sup>2+</sup> Entry Is Neuroprotective in Acute Ischemic Stroke
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01.11.2019 |
Stegner D.
Hofmann S.
Schuhmann M.
Kraft P.
Herrmann A.
Popp S.
Höhn M.
Popp M.
Klaus V.
Post A.
Kleinschnitz C.
Braun A.
Meuth S.
Lesch K.
Stoll G.
Kraft R.
Nieswandt B.
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Stroke |
10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.025357 |
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Background and Purpose- Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death. The principal goal of acute stroke treatment is the recanalization of the occluded cerebral arteries, which is, however, only effective in a very narrow time window. Therefore, neuroprotective treatments that can be combined with recanalization strategies are needed. Calcium overload is one of the major triggers of neuronal cell death. We have previously shown that capacitative Ca2+ entry, which is triggered by the depletion of intracellular calcium stores, contributes to ischemia-induced calcium influx in neurons, but the responsible Ca2+ channel is not known. Methods- Here, we have generated mice lacking the calcium channel subunit Orai2 and analyzed them in experimental stroke. Results- Orai2-deficient mice were protected from ischemic neuronal death both during acute ischemia under vessel occlusion and during ischemia/reperfusion upon successful recanalization. Calcium signals induced by calcium store depletion or oxygen/glucose deprivation were significantly diminished in Orai2-deficient neurons demonstrating that Orai2 is a central mediator of neuronal capacitative Ca2+ entry and is involved in calcium overload during ischemia. Conclusions- Our experimental data identify Orai2 as an attractive target for pharmaceutical intervention in acute stroke.
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The cardioprotective effects of diallyl trisulfide on diabetic rats with ex vivo induced ischemia/reperfusion injury
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01.10.2019 |
Jeremic J.
Jakovljevic V.
Zivkovic V.
Srejovic I.
Bradic J.
Bolevich S.
Nikolic Turnic T.
Mitrovic S.
Jovicic N.
Tyagi S.
Jeremic N.
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Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry |
10.1007/s11010-019-03577-w |
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© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is distinguished as the most potent polysulfide isolated from garlic. The aim of our study was to investigate effects of oral administration of DATS on healthy and diabetic rats, with special attention on heart function. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: CTRL (healthy rats), DATS (healthy rats treated with DATS), DM (diabetic rats), DM + DATS (diabetic rats treated with DATS). DATS (40 mg/kg of body weight) was administered every other day for 3 weeks, at the end of which rats underwent echocardiography, glycemic measurement and redox status assessment. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min global ischemia and 60 min reperfusion, after which heart tissue was counterstain with hematoxylin and eosin and cardiac Troponin T staining (cTnT), while expression of Bax, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), caspase-3, caspase-9 and superoxide dismutase-2 were examined in the left ventricle. DATS treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels of diabetic rats, and improved cardiac function recovery, diminished oxidation status, attenuated cardiac remodeling and inhibited myocardial apoptosis in healthy and diabetic rats. DATS treatment causes promising cardioprotective effects on ex vivo-induced ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic and healthy rat heart probably mediated by inhibited myocardial apoptosis. Moreover, appropriate DATS consumption may provide potential co-therapy or prevention of hyperglycemia and various cardiac complications in rats with DM.
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The Evaluation of the System of Mandatory Medical Insurance by Medical Workers of the Moscow Oblast
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01.09.2018 |
Semenov V.
Lakunin K.
Leevshitc S.
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Problemy sotsial'noi gigieny, zdravookhraneniia i istorii meditsiny |
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The article considers the results of sociological survey of medical personnel of the Moscow oblast. The purpose of study is to analyze attitude of medical personnel to the system of mandatory medical insurance in modern conditions. The sociological survey carried out according standard methodology using originally developed questionnaire. The public opinion of medical personnel of medical municipal organizations of the Moscow oblast was investigated in 2013 (n = 632) and 2017 (n = 798). It was established that, 25 years later from the moment of organization of the system of mandatory medical insurance, not all medical personnel is oriented in it. The percentage of those who consider it as a false and over bureaucratized one increased. The number of respondents considering that medical insurance organizations protect interests of patients decreased and those who feel no impact of mandatory medical insurance foundations on activities of medical organizations increased up to 35%. The most of respondents consider functions of medical insurance organizations and mandatory medical insurance foundations exclusively as controlling ones. In both surveys less than 30% of respondents supported actual system of mandatory medical insurance. The general results of the sociological survey testify the necessity of changing policy of relationship between the system of mandatory medical insurance and medical personnel, including activization of activities concerning explanation of tasks, functions and authorities of mandatory medical insurance foundations and medical insurance organizations and also consensual consideration of opinions of all participants of the mandatory medical insurance system.
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Identification of surface epitopes associated with protection against highly immune-evasive VlsE-expressing Lyme disease spirochetes
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01.08.2018 |
Batool M.
Caoili S.
Dangott L.
Gerasimov E.
Ionov Y.
Piontkivska H.
Zelikovsky A.
Waghela S.
Rogovskyy A.
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Infection and Immunity |
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3 |
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© 2018 American Society for Microbiology. The tick-borne pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi is responsible for approximately 300,000 Lyme disease (LD) cases per year in the United States. Recent increases in the number of LD cases, in addition to the spread of the tick vector and a lack of a vaccine, highlight an urgent need for designing and developing an efficacious LD vaccine. Identification of protective epitopes that could be used to develop a second-generation (subunit) vaccine is therefore imperative. Despite the antigenicity of several lipoproteins and integral outer membrane proteins (OMPs) on the B. burgdorferi surface, the spirochetes successfully evade antibodies primarily due to the VlsE-mediated antigenic variation. VlsE is thought to sterically block antibody access to protective epitopes of B. burgdorferi. However, it is highly unlikely that VlsE shields the entire surface epitome. Thus, identification of subdominant epitope targets that induce protection when they are made dominant is necessary to generate an efficacious vaccine. Toward the identification, we repeatedly immunized immunocompetent mice with live-attenuated VlsE-deleted B. burgdorferi and then challenged the animals with the VlsE-expressing (host-adapted) wild type. Passive immunization and Western blotting data suggested that the protection of 50% of repeatedly immunized animals against the highly immune-evasive B. burgdorferi was antibody mediated. Comparison of serum antibody repertoires identified in protected and nonprotected animals permitted the identification of several putative epitopes significantly associated with the protection. Most linear putative epitopes were conserved between the main pathogenic Borrelia genospecies and found within known subdominant regions of OMPs. Currently, we are performing immunization studies to test whether the identified protection-associated epitopes are protective for mice.
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Nephroprotective strategy in the treatment of hypertension as a modern general medical problem
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01.01.2018 |
Podzolkov V.
Bragina A.
Ishina T.
Bragina G.
Vasilyeva L.
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Russian Journal of Cardiology |
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© 2018, Silicea-Poligraf. All rights reserved. The current population is characterized by a high prevalence of risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease: hypertension, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, physical inactivity, smoking. The development of severe complications and a close connection with potentially fatal cardiovascular disorders make this disease a socially and economically significant problem. Treatment of chronic kidney disease in advanced stages belong to nephrologist duties. However, the success of preventive interventions depends on the time of their onset, which makes it relevant to identify the disease. The use of nephroprotective approaches by physicians of different specialties (general practitioners, cardiologists, gerontologists, nephrologists, endocrinologists) can significantly improve the prognosis of both those at risk of developing renal dysfunction and the existing disease. The review presents data on the clinical and laboratory efficacy of angiotensin-renin blocker use, as well as the combination of angiotensin II receptor blockers with calcium antagonists. Using the combination of the angiotensin II receptor blocker irbesartan and amlodipine as an example, we demonstrated the possibilities of nephroprotective therapy in patients with renal dysfunction.
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Hygienic requirements to conditions of the application of technical means of blocking radio signals
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01.01.2018 |
Pokhodzey L.
Paltsev Y.
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Gigiena i Sanitariya |
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© 2018 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All Rights Reserved. Introduction. Now radio lines of the management of explosions find more and more broad application for the execution of acts of terrorism. The special technical means which are powerful sources of EMP in the range of frequencies of 0.02 – 6.00 GHz by which workers in the course of their production and operation and also the population which has appeared in a radiation zone can be affected, are developed for the suppression of radio-frequency signals of control of explosive devices. Aim of the study. Scientific justification and development of hygienic requirements for the safe use of systems of suppression of radio lines of control of explosive devices (SS RCED). Material and methods. The calculation methods for determining the EMF intensities created by different types of SS RCED (1500 calculations) were used, more than 250 measurements were carried out at different distances from 5 types of SS RCED in the open area and in the offices. Results. Hygienic investigations have allowed to point out 5 categories of the irradiated contingents for which hygienic regulations of EMP on the basis of the analysis of the standard and methodical documents acting in the Russian Federation have been proved. Calculations and natural measurements of the EMP levels from various types of SS RCED in rooms and in the open territory are taken. The technique of forecasting of conditions of radiation taking into account their technical characteristics (range of frequencies, power, etc.), the time of the exposure and distances from sources is offered. The algorithm of carrying out a hygienic assessment of conditions of radiation of personnel and population from SS RCED and a complex of preventive actions are developed. Discussion. Protection of workers by production, service, and operation of SS RCED, has to be carried out by restriction of the time of the impact of EMP taking into account power expositions at different distances from a source, and the population - by determination of safe zones of stay taking into account categories of the irradiated contingents. The technical actions including the organization of remote control of SS RCED and application of means collective (shielding) and/or individual protection are offered. Conclusion. The conducted complex research allowed justifying hygienic requirements for the production and operation of SS RCED and developing the project of SanPiN 2.1.8/2.2.4.xxxx-18 «Sanitary rules and standards of safe use of systems of suppression of radio lines of management of explosive devices of the range of frequencies of 0,02–6,00 GHz».
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Chronic kidney disease as a multidisciplinary problem of contemporary medicine
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01.01.2018 |
Podzolkov V.
Bragina A.
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Terapevticheskii Arkhiv |
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© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. A review deals with the problem of chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the position of a physician and cardiologist. The epidemiology of the disease was discussed both abroad and in Russia, including the most up-to-date data. In Russia CKD markers were detected in 49.4% of hypertensives. Authors describe risk factors and mechanisms of CKD at the most important pathogenetic conditions: hypertension, diabetes and obesity. The current classification and methods for calculating the glomerular filtration rate are given. The review disclose a paradigm of the renal continuum and its relation to cardiovascular diseases. It is well known fact that the final causes of the death of patients with CKD, as a rule, are cardiovascular complications. Based on the literature data, the necessity and expediency of screening for renal dysfunction is justified. In the example of use of an angiotensin receptor blocker II - irbesartan nephroprotective demonstrated possibilities of intervention in patients with renal dysfunction of varying severity.
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