Репозиторий Университета

© 2020 The Authors Hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (HpETE-PE) is a ferroptotic cell death signal. HpETE-PE is produced by the 15-Lipoxygenase (15LOX)/Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein-1 (PEBP1) complex or via an Fe-catalyzed non-enzymatic radical reaction. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a common ferroptosis inhibitor, is a lipophilic radical scavenger but a poor 15LOX inhibitor arguing against 15LOX having a role in ferroptosis. In the current work, we demonstrate that Fer-1 does not affect 15LOX alone, however, it effectively inhibits HpETE-PE production by the 15LOX/PEBP1 complex. Computational molecular modeling shows that Fer-1 binds to the 15LOX/PEBP1 complex at three sites and could disrupt the catalytically required allosteric motions of the 15LOX/PEBP1 complex. Using nine ferroptosis cell/tissue models, we show that HpETE-PE is produced by the 15LOX/PEBP1 complex and resolve the long-existing Fer-1 anti-ferroptotic paradox.

© 2020 Bone age is used widely by pediatricians to assess the skeletal maturity of a child and predict growth potential. This entails measuring the size of secondary ossification centers (SOCs), which develop with age in the ends of long bones, which are initially cartilaginous. However, little is presently known about the developmental biology, evolution and functional role of these skeletal elements. Here, we summarize the knowledge currently available in this area and discuss potential primary functions of the SOC.

© 2020 The Authors Hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (HpETE-PE) is a ferroptotic cell death signal. HpETE-PE is produced by the 15-Lipoxygenase (15LOX)/Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein-1 (PEBP1) complex or via an Fe-catalyzed non-enzymatic radical reaction. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a common ferroptosis inhibitor, is a lipophilic radical scavenger but a poor 15LOX inhibitor arguing against 15LOX having a role in ferroptosis. In the current work, we demonstrate that Fer-1 does not affect 15LOX alone, however, it effectively inhibits HpETE-PE production by the 15LOX/PEBP1 complex. Computational molecular modeling shows that Fer-1 binds to the 15LOX/PEBP1 complex at three sites and could disrupt the catalytically required allosteric motions of the 15LOX/PEBP1 complex. Using nine ferroptosis cell/tissue models, we show that HpETE-PE is produced by the 15LOX/PEBP1 complex and resolve the long-existing Fer-1 anti-ferroptotic paradox.

© 2020 Bone age is used widely by pediatricians to assess the skeletal maturity of a child and predict growth potential. This entails measuring the size of secondary ossification centers (SOCs), which develop with age in the ends of long bones, which are initially cartilaginous. However, little is presently known about the developmental biology, evolution and functional role of these skeletal elements. Here, we summarize the knowledge currently available in this area and discuss potential primary functions of the SOC.

© 2020 The Authors Hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (HpETE-PE) is a ferroptotic cell death signal. HpETE-PE is produced by the 15-Lipoxygenase (15LOX)/Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein-1 (PEBP1) complex or via an Fe-catalyzed non-enzymatic radical reaction. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a common ferroptosis inhibitor, is a lipophilic radical scavenger but a poor 15LOX inhibitor arguing against 15LOX having a role in ferroptosis. In the current work, we demonstrate that Fer-1 does not affect 15LOX alone, however, it effectively inhibits HpETE-PE production by the 15LOX/PEBP1 complex. Computational molecular modeling shows that Fer-1 binds to the 15LOX/PEBP1 complex at three sites and could disrupt the catalytically required allosteric motions of the 15LOX/PEBP1 complex. Using nine ferroptosis cell/tissue models, we show that HpETE-PE is produced by the 15LOX/PEBP1 complex and resolve the long-existing Fer-1 anti-ferroptotic paradox.

© 2021 Spandidos Publications. All rights reserved. Malignant melanomas within the eye present different types of metabolic and metastatic behavior. Uveal melanoma (UM) affects a quarter of a million individuals in the USA; however, the molecular pathogenesis is not well understood. Although UV radiation is a risk factor in cutaneous melanomas, it is not crucial for UM progression. Apart from chromosomal abnormalities, numerous major tumorigenic signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, Ras-association domain family 1 isoform A and Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif signaling pathways, are associated with intraocular tumors. The present review describes the current insights regarding these signaling pathways that regulate the cell cycle and apoptosis, and could be used as potential targets for the treatment of UMs.

© 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. In the modern world, acute respiratory viral infections are a widespread and socially significant disease. Having the similarity of structure, epidemiology and strong tropism to the respiratory tract, each causative agent of acute respiratory viral infection has its own characteristics. The most severe course with complications is characteristic of influenza. More than 200 viruses are known to cause acute respiratory viral infections. Their diversity is very great. This creates a situation when a person, having been ill with a disease caused by one virus, can immediately become infected with other viruses of this group and get sick again. For a year in the world, for an adult, 3-4 cases of the disease of acute respiratory viral infection occur. A child suffers from this infection 6-9 times during the year. 3.9 million deaths worldwide are associated with acute respiratory viral infections each year. Due to the enormous social significance of acute respiratory viral infection, the World Health Organization has launched the Battle against Respiratory Viruses initiative to combat it. Her prerequisites were problems with the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infection. It is aimed at improving diagnostic methods to differentiate viral and bacterial infections at the earliest stages of the disease, developing effective antiviral drugs for the most common viruses and safe and effective stimulants of defense mechanisms in the body. It becomes clear that acute respiratory viral infections are a diverse group of infectious diseases of the respiratory tract that have similar developmental mechanisms, epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Given that these diseases have a high contagiousness, rapid spread, a significant number of complications, especially among people at risk, they require serious and lengthy research.

© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Neuroglia, including microglia and astrocytes, is a critical component of the central nervous system (CNS) that interacts with neurons to modulate brain activity, development, metabolism and signaling pathways. Thus, a better understanding of the role of neuroglia in the brain is critical. Complementing clinical and rodent data, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is rapidly becoming an important model organism to probe the role of neuroglia in brain disorders. With high genetic and physiological similarity to humans and rodents, zebrafish possess some common (shared), as well as some specific molecular biomarkers and features of neuroglia development and functioning. Studying these common and zebrafish-specific aspects of neuroglia may generate important insights into key brain mechanisms, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, neuroregenerative and neurological processes. Here, we discuss the biology of neuroglia in humans, rodents and fish, its role in various CNS functions, and further directions of translational research into the role of neuroglia in CNS disorders using zebrafish models.

© 2021, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. The state of human health is an important factor in the optimal for the existence in biological and social terms. It is now recognized that the best way to keep health – to lead healthy lives and avoid the negative influences of the environment. This is extremely important in the workplace and at home. The basis of life must be feasible rational muscular activity. Dosed physical loads provide balanced revitalizing effect on the body. They regulate the metabolism and have a pronounced training effect on motor and autonomic functions. Adequate and regular physical activity steadfastly increases the efficiency of the myocardium, improves blood flow to the brain and heart, improves the efficiency of peripheral circulation and venous return to the heart increases the body's tolerance to stress and the level of absorption of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. In this regard, rational physical activity are considered the basis of healthy lifestyles, active aging, and high adaptation to the external environment.

© 2021, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. The state of human health is an important factor in the optimal for the existence in biological and social terms. It is now recognized that the best way to keep health – to lead healthy lives and avoid the negative influences of the environment. This is extremely important in the workplace and at home. The basis of life must be feasible rational muscular activity. Dosed physical loads provide balanced revitalizing effect on the body. They regulate the metabolism and have a pronounced training effect on motor and autonomic functions. Adequate and regular physical activity steadfastly increases the efficiency of the myocardium, improves blood flow to the brain and heart, improves the efficiency of peripheral circulation and venous return to the heart increases the body's tolerance to stress and the level of absorption of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. In this regard, rational physical activity are considered the basis of healthy lifestyles, active aging, and high adaptation to the external environment.

Copyright © 2021 The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Arginine kinase (AK) was first identified as an allergen in the Indian-meal moth and subsequently shown to occur as allergen in various invertebrates and shellfish. The cDNA coding for AK from the house dust mite (HDM) species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p 20, has been isolated, but no recombinant Der p 20 (rDer p 20) allergen has been produced and characterized so far. We report the expression of Der p 20 as recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. rDer p 20 was purified and shown to be a monomeric, folded protein by size exclusion chromatography and circular dichroism spectroscopy, respectively. Using AK-specific antibodies, Der p 20 was found to occur mainly in HDM bodies, but not in fecal particles. Thirty percent of clinically well-characterized HDM allergic patients (n = 98) whose immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactivity profiles had been determined with an extensive panel of purified HDM allergens (Der f 1, 2; Der p 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 21, 23 and 37) showed IgE reactivity to Der p 20. IgE reactivity to Der p 20 was more frequently associated with lung symptoms. AKs were detected in several invertebrates with specific antibodies and Der p 20 showed IgE cross-reactivity with AK from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Thus, Der p 20 is a cross-reactive HDM allergen and may serve as a diagnostic marker for HDM-induced lung symptoms such as asthma.

Copyright © 2021 The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Arginine kinase (AK) was first identified as an allergen in the Indian-meal moth and subsequently shown to occur as allergen in various invertebrates and shellfish. The cDNA coding for AK from the house dust mite (HDM) species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p 20, has been isolated, but no recombinant Der p 20 (rDer p 20) allergen has been produced and characterized so far. We report the expression of Der p 20 as recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. rDer p 20 was purified and shown to be a monomeric, folded protein by size exclusion chromatography and circular dichroism spectroscopy, respectively. Using AK-specific antibodies, Der p 20 was found to occur mainly in HDM bodies, but not in fecal particles. Thirty percent of clinically well-characterized HDM allergic patients (n = 98) whose immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactivity profiles had been determined with an extensive panel of purified HDM allergens (Der f 1, 2; Der p 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 21, 23 and 37) showed IgE reactivity to Der p 20. IgE reactivity to Der p 20 was more frequently associated with lung symptoms. AKs were detected in several invertebrates with specific antibodies and Der p 20 showed IgE cross-reactivity with AK from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Thus, Der p 20 is a cross-reactive HDM allergen and may serve as a diagnostic marker for HDM-induced lung symptoms such as asthma.

© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Objectives. The amplitude and latency of the P300 wave are regarded as basic neurophysiological correlates in studies of cognitive functions. The characteristics of the event-related θ rhythm recorded in the same time period as the P300 wave are less well studied. The aim of the present work was to carry out a complex assessment of the neurophysiological parameters of cognitive processes in health and various degrees of cognitive dysfunction in patients with personality disorders, schizotypal disorders, and schizophrenia. Materials and methods. A total of 124 subjects were studied: 44 healthy subjects (normal), 40 patients with schizophrenia, 22 patients with personality disorder, and 18 with schizotypal disorder. Studies used a probabilistic presentation of significant and non-significant auditory signals. P300 amplitude and latency were determined for each subject, along with power and paired coherence in the event-related θ rhythm, on presentation of significant stimuli. Results and conclusions. All patients, as compared with healthy subjects, were found to have a tendency to decreases in P300 amplitude and increases in latency, with reductions in the power and coherence of the event-related θ rhythm. In schizophrenia, this trend was spatially generalized, while changes in personality disorder and schizotypal disorders were mostly localized and did not reach statistical significance on between-group comparisons. These data may be evidence of gradual weakening of cognitive functions going from normal through schizotypal disorder and personality disorder to schizophrenia, which may correspond to decreases in insight and the ability to foresee the consequences of actions.

© 2020 Elsevier GmbH Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) induce a wide spectrum of functional activities after interaction with blood cells. Effect of structure of toxic LPS from S- and Re-chemotypes of E. coli and/or non-toxic LPS of Rhodobacter capsulatus PG (R. caps.) on activation of neutrophils and monocytes of human whole blood were studied, particularly, expression of TLR4, CD14 and CD11b receptors, phagocytosis of BioParticles Alexa Fluor 488, synthesis of cytokines and chemokines. A leading role of CD11b receptor in phagocytic activity of neutrophils primed by LPS from various E. coli chemotypes was shown. The non-toxic LPS of R. caps. does not affect the efficiency of phagocytosis activity of the neutrophils. The LPS of R. caps. was shown to induce production of TRIF-dependent cytokine IFN-β in human whole blood leukocytes selectively, without activating MyD88-dependent pathway of pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, displaying properties of patrial agonist of TLR4. Structure and biological activity of LPS R. caps. allows considering it as a promising immunity stimulating pharmacological agent.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Introduction: Vaginal birth after caesarean delivery is associated with better outcomes compared to repeat caesarean section. Accurate antenatal risk stratification of women undergoing a trial of labor after caesarean section is crucial in order to maximize perinatal and maternal outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to explore the role of antepartum ultrasound in predicting the probability of vaginal birth in women attempting trial of labor; the secondary aim was to build a multiparametric prediction model including pregnancy and ultrasound characteristics able to predict vaginal birth and compare its diagnostic performance with previously developed models based exclusively upon clinical and pregnancy characteristics. Methods: Prospective study of consecutive singleton pregnancies scheduled for trial of labor undergoing a dedicated antepartum ultrasound assessment at 36–38 weeks of gestation. Head circumference, estimated fetal weight cervical length, sub-pubic angle were recorded before the onset of labour. The obstetricians and midwives attending the delivery suite were blinded to the ultrasound findings. Multivariate logistic regression and area under the curve analyses were used to explore the strength of association and test the diagnostic accuracy of different maternal and ultrasound characteristics in predicting vaginal birth. Comparison with previously reported clinical models developed by the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit Network (Grobman's models) was performed using De Long analysis. Results: A total of 161women who underwent trial of labor were included in the study. Among them 114 (70.8 %) women had successful vaginal birth. At multivariable logistic regression analysis maternal height (adjusted odds ratio (aOR):1.24;9 5% Confidence Interval (CI)1.17−1.33), previous C-section for arrest labor (aOR:0.77; 95 %CI0.66−0.93), cervical dilation at admission (aOR:1.35; 95 %CI1.12−1.74), fetal head circumference (aOR:0.77; 5%CI0.43−0.89), subpubic angle (aOR:1.39 95 %CI1.11−1.99) and cervical length (aOR:0.82 95 % CI0.54−0.98) were independently associated with VBAC. A model integrating these variables had an area under curve of 0.839(95 % CI 0.710−0.727) for the prediction of vaginal birth, significantly higher than those achieved with intake (0.694; 95 %CI0.549−0.815; p = 0.01) and admission (0.732: 95 % CI 0.590−0.84; p = 0.04) models reported by Grobman. Conclusion: Antepartum prediction of vaginal birth after a caesarean section is feasible. Fetal head circumference, subpubic angle and cervical length are independently associated and predictive of vaginal birth. Adding these variables to a multiparametric model including maternal parameters improves the diagnostic accuracy of vaginal birth compared to those based only on maternal characteristic.

© 2020 The Authors The assessment of behavioral outcomes is a central component of neuroscientific research, which has required continuous technological innovations to produce more detailed and reliable findings. In this article, we provide an in-depth review on the progress and future implications for three model organisms (mouse, rat, and Drosophila) essential to our current understanding of behavior. By compiling a comprehensive catalog of popular assays, we are able to compare the diversity of tasks and usage of these animal models in behavioral research. This compilation also allows for the evaluation of existing state-of-the-art methods and experimental applications, including optogenetics, machine learning, and high-throughput behavioral assays. We go on to discuss novel apparatuses and inter-species analyses for centrophobism, feeding behavior, aggression and mating paradigms, with the goal of providing a unique view on comparative behavioral research. The challenges and recent advances are evaluated in terms of their translational value, ethical procedures, and trustworthiness for behavioral research.

© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Objectives. The amplitude and latency of the P300 wave are regarded as basic neurophysiological correlates in studies of cognitive functions. The characteristics of the event-related θ rhythm recorded in the same time period as the P300 wave are less well studied. The aim of the present work was to carry out a complex assessment of the neurophysiological parameters of cognitive processes in health and various degrees of cognitive dysfunction in patients with personality disorders, schizotypal disorders, and schizophrenia. Materials and methods. A total of 124 subjects were studied: 44 healthy subjects (normal), 40 patients with schizophrenia, 22 patients with personality disorder, and 18 with schizotypal disorder. Studies used a probabilistic presentation of significant and non-significant auditory signals. P300 amplitude and latency were determined for each subject, along with power and paired coherence in the event-related θ rhythm, on presentation of significant stimuli. Results and conclusions. All patients, as compared with healthy subjects, were found to have a tendency to decreases in P300 amplitude and increases in latency, with reductions in the power and coherence of the event-related θ rhythm. In schizophrenia, this trend was spatially generalized, while changes in personality disorder and schizotypal disorders were mostly localized and did not reach statistical significance on between-group comparisons. These data may be evidence of gradual weakening of cognitive functions going from normal through schizotypal disorder and personality disorder to schizophrenia, which may correspond to decreases in insight and the ability to foresee the consequences of actions.

© 2020 Elsevier GmbH Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) induce a wide spectrum of functional activities after interaction with blood cells. Effect of structure of toxic LPS from S- and Re-chemotypes of E. coli and/or non-toxic LPS of Rhodobacter capsulatus PG (R. caps.) on activation of neutrophils and monocytes of human whole blood were studied, particularly, expression of TLR4, CD14 and CD11b receptors, phagocytosis of BioParticles Alexa Fluor 488, synthesis of cytokines and chemokines. A leading role of CD11b receptor in phagocytic activity of neutrophils primed by LPS from various E. coli chemotypes was shown. The non-toxic LPS of R. caps. does not affect the efficiency of phagocytosis activity of the neutrophils. The LPS of R. caps. was shown to induce production of TRIF-dependent cytokine IFN-β in human whole blood leukocytes selectively, without activating MyD88-dependent pathway of pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, displaying properties of patrial agonist of TLR4. Structure and biological activity of LPS R. caps. allows considering it as a promising immunity stimulating pharmacological agent.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Introduction: Vaginal birth after caesarean delivery is associated with better outcomes compared to repeat caesarean section. Accurate antenatal risk stratification of women undergoing a trial of labor after caesarean section is crucial in order to maximize perinatal and maternal outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to explore the role of antepartum ultrasound in predicting the probability of vaginal birth in women attempting trial of labor; the secondary aim was to build a multiparametric prediction model including pregnancy and ultrasound characteristics able to predict vaginal birth and compare its diagnostic performance with previously developed models based exclusively upon clinical and pregnancy characteristics. Methods: Prospective study of consecutive singleton pregnancies scheduled for trial of labor undergoing a dedicated antepartum ultrasound assessment at 36–38 weeks of gestation. Head circumference, estimated fetal weight cervical length, sub-pubic angle were recorded before the onset of labour. The obstetricians and midwives attending the delivery suite were blinded to the ultrasound findings. Multivariate logistic regression and area under the curve analyses were used to explore the strength of association and test the diagnostic accuracy of different maternal and ultrasound characteristics in predicting vaginal birth. Comparison with previously reported clinical models developed by the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit Network (Grobman's models) was performed using De Long analysis. Results: A total of 161women who underwent trial of labor were included in the study. Among them 114 (70.8 %) women had successful vaginal birth. At multivariable logistic regression analysis maternal height (adjusted odds ratio (aOR):1.24;9 5% Confidence Interval (CI)1.17−1.33), previous C-section for arrest labor (aOR:0.77; 95 %CI0.66−0.93), cervical dilation at admission (aOR:1.35; 95 %CI1.12−1.74), fetal head circumference (aOR:0.77; 5%CI0.43−0.89), subpubic angle (aOR:1.39 95 %CI1.11−1.99) and cervical length (aOR:0.82 95 % CI0.54−0.98) were independently associated with VBAC. A model integrating these variables had an area under curve of 0.839(95 % CI 0.710−0.727) for the prediction of vaginal birth, significantly higher than those achieved with intake (0.694; 95 %CI0.549−0.815; p = 0.01) and admission (0.732: 95 % CI 0.590−0.84; p = 0.04) models reported by Grobman. Conclusion: Antepartum prediction of vaginal birth after a caesarean section is feasible. Fetal head circumference, subpubic angle and cervical length are independently associated and predictive of vaginal birth. Adding these variables to a multiparametric model including maternal parameters improves the diagnostic accuracy of vaginal birth compared to those based only on maternal characteristic.

© 2020 The Authors The assessment of behavioral outcomes is a central component of neuroscientific research, which has required continuous technological innovations to produce more detailed and reliable findings. In this article, we provide an in-depth review on the progress and future implications for three model organisms (mouse, rat, and Drosophila) essential to our current understanding of behavior. By compiling a comprehensive catalog of popular assays, we are able to compare the diversity of tasks and usage of these animal models in behavioral research. This compilation also allows for the evaluation of existing state-of-the-art methods and experimental applications, including optogenetics, machine learning, and high-throughput behavioral assays. We go on to discuss novel apparatuses and inter-species analyses for centrophobism, feeding behavior, aggression and mating paradigms, with the goal of providing a unique view on comparative behavioral research. The challenges and recent advances are evaluated in terms of their translational value, ethical procedures, and trustworthiness for behavioral research.